From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
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From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Hi. I’m new to conlanging, and am not sure whether my new Elvish-y (for the lack of a better term) conlang has a realistic phonology. Any advice would be appreciated. Here it is:
Consonant phonemes: p, b, t, d, k, g, f, v, s, x, h, m, n, ŋ, r, l, j, w, ʍ (Note: I would format it as a table, but it would take too much time)
Vowel phonemes: Monophthongs - a e̞ i o̞ u, Diphthongs - [aɪ], [ɛɪ]
Romanization: Consonants - p, b, f, v, m, t, d, s, n, r, l, k, g, and are spelled the same. [j] is written ⟨y⟩. [x] is written ⟨kh⟩. [ŋg] is written ⟨ng⟩. [ŋk] is written ⟨nk⟩. [ʍ] is written ⟨hw⟩. Vowels - a i u are spelled the same. [e̞] is written ⟨e⟩. [o̞] is written ⟨o⟩. [aɪ] is written ⟨î⟩. [ɛɪ] is written ⟨ê⟩.
Stress: Initial root syllable.
Phonotactics:
1. [ŋ] is considered an allophone of [n] and is used only before [k] or [g]
2. Word-Final: t, d, s, n, r, l, nt, nd
3. Word-Initial: All phonemes
4. Word-Medial: All phonemes + lb + lp + lf + lv + lm + lt + ld + ls + ln + lk + lg + mb + mp + mn + nm + nk
+ nt + nd + ps + cw + rm + rn + rp + rb + rd + rt + rk + rg + rf + rv + rs + sc + st + sw + ts + tw
5. All vowels and diphthongs can be found in any position.
6. Word Structure: (CV)CVC(VC)(VC)...
V: Any vowel phoneme
C: Any consonant, or consonant cluster that is legal in that position
Consonant phonemes: p, b, t, d, k, g, f, v, s, x, h, m, n, ŋ, r, l, j, w, ʍ (Note: I would format it as a table, but it would take too much time)
Vowel phonemes: Monophthongs - a e̞ i o̞ u, Diphthongs - [aɪ], [ɛɪ]
Romanization: Consonants - p, b, f, v, m, t, d, s, n, r, l, k, g, and are spelled the same. [j] is written ⟨y⟩. [x] is written ⟨kh⟩. [ŋg] is written ⟨ng⟩. [ŋk] is written ⟨nk⟩. [ʍ] is written ⟨hw⟩. Vowels - a i u are spelled the same. [e̞] is written ⟨e⟩. [o̞] is written ⟨o⟩. [aɪ] is written ⟨î⟩. [ɛɪ] is written ⟨ê⟩.
Stress: Initial root syllable.
Phonotactics:
1. [ŋ] is considered an allophone of [n] and is used only before [k] or [g]
2. Word-Final: t, d, s, n, r, l, nt, nd
3. Word-Initial: All phonemes
4. Word-Medial: All phonemes + lb + lp + lf + lv + lm + lt + ld + ls + ln + lk + lg + mb + mp + mn + nm + nk
+ nt + nd + ps + cw + rm + rn + rp + rb + rd + rt + rk + rg + rf + rv + rs + sc + st + sw + ts + tw
5. All vowels and diphthongs can be found in any position.
6. Word Structure: (CV)CVC(VC)(VC)...
V: Any vowel phoneme
C: Any consonant, or consonant cluster that is legal in that position
hē/him/his/hine
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Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
The inventory isn't obviously weird. Maybe having a voice distinction in the labiodental fricatives but nowhere else is a bit odd, but I wouldn't worry about it too much, since lots of languages have one or two oddities in their inventory.
If [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ then it's not a phoneme, and you don't need to list it in your consonant phoneme list separately.
It would be helpful to know about morphophonology. For example what happens when morphological processes would create otherwise illegal medial clusters, or vowels in hiatus, or....?
If [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ then it's not a phoneme, and you don't need to list it in your consonant phoneme list separately.
It would be helpful to know about morphophonology. For example what happens when morphological processes would create otherwise illegal medial clusters, or vowels in hiatus, or....?
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Here you go:conlangernoob wrote: ↑Mon Feb 27, 2023 2:10 pm Hi. I’m new to conlanging, and am not sure whether my new Elvish-y (for the lack of a better term) conlang has a realistic phonology. Any advice would be appreciated. Here it is:
Consonant phonemes: p, b, t, d, k, g, f, v, s, x, h, m, n, ŋ, r, l, j, w, ʍ (Note: I would format it as a table, but it would take too much time)
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
Stop | /p b/ | /t d/ | /k ɡ/ | ||
Fricative | /f v/ | /s/ | /x/ | /h/ | |
Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | |||
Approximantl | /r l/ | /j/ | /ʍ w/ | /h/ |
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Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Thanks!
I think I might have some sort of consonant harmony system to deal with the morphology/phonology problems.
I think I might have some sort of consonant harmony system to deal with the morphology/phonology problems.
hē/him/his/hine
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
A bit late here, but it looks entirely sensible (and oddly like some of mine ) You might have to think about justifying /v ʍ/ when you already have /f w/, but that's not hard.
Self-referential signatures are for people too boring to come up with more interesting alternatives.
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
If it helps, this tool here is good for formatting tables for the ZBB:
https://www.zompist.com/phono.html
https://www.zompist.com/phono.html
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Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Looks fine to me.
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Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
yeah just chiming in to say the /v/ thing is the only thing that stuck out to me either. i would either expect the language to also have /z/ (and possibly also the voiced equivalent of /x/), or else expect /v/ to have descended from an earlier /w/ and thus the current language to lack /w/. it's not a capital m Mistake, but i would encourage you to think about what the origin of the distinction within the language's internal history might be
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Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Or maybe to lack /b/, especially if the remaining voiced stops have fricative or approximant allophones... but that would raise the question of why b lost its stop allophone but the others didn't.Emily wrote: ↑Tue Feb 28, 2023 4:30 pm yeah just chiming in to say the /v/ thing is the only thing that stuck out to me either. i would either expect the language to also have /z/ (and possibly also the voiced equivalent of /x/), or else expect /v/ to have descended from an earlier /w/ and thus the current language to lack /w/. it's not a capital m Mistake, but i would encourage you to think about what the origin of the distinction within the language's internal history might be
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
That's something the designer of PIE also has to explain, so you'd be in good companychris_notts wrote: ↑Tue Feb 28, 2023 5:17 pmOr maybe to lack /b/, especially if the remaining voiced stops have fricative or approximant allophones... but that would raise the question of why b lost its stop allophone but the others didn't.Emily wrote: ↑Tue Feb 28, 2023 4:30 pm yeah just chiming in to say the /v/ thing is the only thing that stuck out to me either. i would either expect the language to also have /z/ (and possibly also the voiced equivalent of /x/), or else expect /v/ to have descended from an earlier /w/ and thus the current language to lack /w/. it's not a capital m Mistake, but i would encourage you to think about what the origin of the distinction within the language's internal history might be
Self-referential signatures are for people too boring to come up with more interesting alternatives.
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Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
/f v w/ with no **/z ɣ/ seems not too unreasonable, but /ʍ/ seems implausibly unsystematic - where are the other voiceless sonorants?
It could instead be /xʷ/, but then you'd expect /kʷ gʷ/.
Maybe instead /ʍ w/ are featurally something like /ɸʷ βʷ/ that split from /f v/ somehow? (Before rounded vowels preceding *ø *y > e i and hiatus collapse? Could also explain why there are no diphthongs with rounded onsets - from earlier *aj *ej *oj *uj, *oj *uj > *ø *y > e i, then *aj *ej > aɪ ɛɪ.) But why didn't this produce /pʷ bʷ mʷ/? (How did the ɸ/f and β/v contrasts develop in Ewe?)
I'm also not sure about the phonotactics. Only coronals are permitted word-finally (weird but attested in Finnish), and word-medial clusters all begin with a coronal consonant except mb mp mn nk ps. (What is c in cw sc?) If mb mp are /nb np/, that leaves three clusters, distributed entirely unsystematically. Is this sort of thing attested? I assume the idea is native unstressed syllabies in Germanic, which are biased toward coronals aside from one or two morphemes with velars. (English -ing, German -ung and -ig...)
It could instead be /xʷ/, but then you'd expect /kʷ gʷ/.
Maybe instead /ʍ w/ are featurally something like /ɸʷ βʷ/ that split from /f v/ somehow? (Before rounded vowels preceding *ø *y > e i and hiatus collapse? Could also explain why there are no diphthongs with rounded onsets - from earlier *aj *ej *oj *uj, *oj *uj > *ø *y > e i, then *aj *ej > aɪ ɛɪ.) But why didn't this produce /pʷ bʷ mʷ/? (How did the ɸ/f and β/v contrasts develop in Ewe?)
I'm also not sure about the phonotactics. Only coronals are permitted word-finally (weird but attested in Finnish), and word-medial clusters all begin with a coronal consonant except mb mp mn nk ps. (What is c in cw sc?) If mb mp are /nb np/, that leaves three clusters, distributed entirely unsystematically. Is this sort of thing attested? I assume the idea is native unstressed syllabies in Germanic, which are biased toward coronals aside from one or two morphemes with velars. (English -ing, German -ung and -ig...)
Duaj teibohnggoe kyoe' quaqtoeq lucj lhaj k'yoejdej noeyn tucj.
K'yoejdaq fohm q'ujdoe duaj teibohnggoen dlehq lucj.
Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq.
K'yoejdaq fohm q'ujdoe duaj teibohnggoen dlehq lucj.
Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq. Teijp'vq.
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Wasn't this also true of Old Spanish?Nortaneous wrote: ↑Mon Mar 06, 2023 6:47 pm I'm also not sure about the phonotactics. Only coronals are permitted word-finally (weird but attested in Finnish)
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
I see changes like *z > *r and *ɣ > *j/w in this languages prehistory. *w + *ʍ but no other voiceless sonorants isn't unusual see english but the latter derives from earlier *kʷ through voiceless sonorants did exist at some point in english prehistory. Given the circumstances i think that it is apt you didn't include and *h+C clusters.
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
I’d say it’s very unusual, given that I know of no language other than English with that inventory — and for that matter, it seems pretty unstable given that most dialects have lost /ʍ/. (Note that English has a somewhat odd phonology, considered cross-linguistically.)
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Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Doesn't Avestan have /xʷ/ but not /kʷ gʷ/? At least, Wikipedia says so.Nortaneous wrote: ↑Mon Mar 06, 2023 6:47 pm /f v w/ with no **/z ɣ/ seems not too unreasonable, but /ʍ/ seems implausibly unsystematic - where are the other voiceless sonorants?
It could instead be /xʷ/, but then you'd expect /kʷ gʷ/.
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Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Yes.Travis B. wrote: ↑Mon Mar 06, 2023 8:01 pmWasn't this also true of Old Spanish?Nortaneous wrote: ↑Mon Mar 06, 2023 6:47 pm I'm also not sure about the phonotactics. Only coronals are permitted word-finally (weird but attested in Finnish)
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Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Thanks for the suggestions guys! I revised the phonology to clear some of the inconsistencies and also made the word medial clusters a little more rule based. Here it is:
Consonants:
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
p b t d k g
m n
f s x h
r
l y w
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u. No diphthongs
j is written y
x is written kh
Words of two syllables are stressed on the first syllable. In words of three or more syllables, the stress is on the penultimate syllable it has a diphthong or ends in a consonant, otherwise on the antepenultimate syllable.
[ŋ] is considered an allophone of [n] and is used only before [k] or [g]
[v] is considered an allophone of [w] and is used in some dialects.
Word-Final: t, d, s, n, r, l, nt, nd
Word-Initial: All phonemes
Word-Medial: All phonemes + the possible adjacent consonant pairs using these four rules:
1 The first consonant of a pair of adjacent consonants must be “m”, “n”, “s”, “r”, or “l”
2 Only labial plosives can follow “m”.
3 Only non-labial plosives can follow “n”. Note that /n/ is realized as [ŋ] before [k] or [g].
4 Only obstruents and nasals can follow /r/ or /l/.
Word structure: (V)(CV)CVC(VC)...(V)
V: Any vowel phoneme
C: Any consonant, or consonant cluster that is legal in that position
Thanks again,
conlangernoob
Consonants:
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
p b t d k g
m n
f s x h
r
l y w
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u. No diphthongs
j is written y
x is written kh
Words of two syllables are stressed on the first syllable. In words of three or more syllables, the stress is on the penultimate syllable it has a diphthong or ends in a consonant, otherwise on the antepenultimate syllable.
[ŋ] is considered an allophone of [n] and is used only before [k] or [g]
[v] is considered an allophone of [w] and is used in some dialects.
Word-Final: t, d, s, n, r, l, nt, nd
Word-Initial: All phonemes
Word-Medial: All phonemes + the possible adjacent consonant pairs using these four rules:
1 The first consonant of a pair of adjacent consonants must be “m”, “n”, “s”, “r”, or “l”
2 Only labial plosives can follow “m”.
3 Only non-labial plosives can follow “n”. Note that /n/ is realized as [ŋ] before [k] or [g].
4 Only obstruents and nasals can follow /r/ or /l/.
Word structure: (V)(CV)CVC(VC)...(V)
V: Any vowel phoneme
C: Any consonant, or consonant cluster that is legal in that position
Thanks again,
conlangernoob
hē/him/his/hine
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
And Ancient Greek.
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
That's more simply writtten in terms of syllable structure: (C)V(C) (+ a note that hiatuses are disallowed)Word structure: (V)(CV)CVC(VC)...(V)
V: Any vowel phoneme
C: Any consonant, or consonant cluster that is legal in that position
A single letter usually represents a single phoneme
/j/ <j>
Ɂaləɂahina asəkipaɂə ileku omkiroro salka.
Loɂ ɂerleku asəɂulŋusikraɂə seləɂahina əɂətlahɂun əiŋɂiɂŋa.
Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ.
Ɂaləɂahina asəkipaɂə ileku omkiroro salka.
Loɂ ɂerleku asəɂulŋusikraɂə seləɂahina əɂətlahɂun əiŋɂiɂŋa.
Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ. Hərlaɂ.
Re: From a noob: Is this a realistic phonology?
Not always!
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