More pronouns and how to address people
We've already covered all the third-person pronouns I can think of, at least, though I should also point out that the most commonly used forms of these pronouns, or the ones that are used by default when there's no clear motivation for choosing one over the other, is the distal form. For example, while [iˈʋər] is a commonly used pronoun, my understanding is that people are more likely to use [əˈʋər] as their default third-person pronoun. I also mentioned earlier that [əˈŋɯ] can be used as a formal second person singular pronoun.
Apart from that, though, we haven't talked about first or second person in any more detail yet. There are some complications involved in saying 'you' in Malayalam, kind of like there are with the third person. The first person is pretty easy by comparison; there are pronouns that are perfectly acceptable and normal that mean 'I' or 'we'. Malayalam makes a distinction between inclusive and exclusive 'we', but the only difference in form between the pronouns corresponding to each is that the nasals in the exclusive form are pronounced further back in the mouth than those in the inclusive form:
[ɲaːn] 'I'
[ˈn̪əmməɭ] 'we (inclusive)'
[ˈɲəŋəɭ] 'we (exclusive)'
The second person plural pronoun is:
[n̪iˈŋəɭ] 'y'all'
But it can also be used as a formal pronoun, kind of like
vous in French and like [əˈŋɯ]. Another similar pronoun I've heard at times, probably more often than [əˈŋɯ] (maybe a little less often than [n̪iˈŋəɭ]), is [əˈŋeːɾɯ].
There is also an informal second-person pronoun that should be used with caution because it is not supposed to be used for people who are older than you or socially superior to you. It is also just generally not very polite (like I'd said earlier about a lot of the third-person pronouns), though it is also used at the very least with the Abrahamic God:
[n̪iː] 'you'
In most cases, instead of using a pronoun, people addressing someone else use the exact same phrases they would use when referring to that someone else in third person. For example, let's say I wanted to ask Appa how my brother was doing. I call him Achicha [əˈt͡ʃit͡ʃa], so I would say:
[əˈt͡ʃit͡ʃa jɛˈŋɛne jiˈɾikʲun̪n̪u] or (more likely) [əˈt͡ʃit͡ʃe jɛˈŋɛne jiˈɾikʲun̪n̪u]
What if I wanted to ask Achicha directly how he was doing? I would say the exact same thing: "[əˈt͡ʃit͡ʃe jɛˈŋɛne jiˈɾikʲun̪n̪u]?" unless of course it was clear from context that I was specifically asking how he was doing, in which case I could just say "[jɛˈŋɛne jiˈɾikʲun̪n̪u]?"
People usually address each other with titles just like I do with Achicha. If they're referring to a woman (who isn't a relative), they'd probably say "Madam" or "Miss" pronounced more or less the same way they'd pronounce those words in English. If they're referring to a man (also outside the family), they may say "Sir" in English or they might use the nativized form [saːr], especially if they're addressing or referring to a male teacher or professor.
Another pronoun used for addressing people in second person is:
[t̪aːn]
My dad FWIR says this is the pronoun you're supposed to use with strangers, but I encounter people using it more often to be slightly insulting; perhaps it's just a common way of using formality to create distance. Sometimes, people also say [ˈt̪aːŋgəɭ], an even more formal pronoun, even though IIRC this is traditionally supposed to be used only for the king or queen.
EDIT: Also, here's a movie clip (from a movie I've seen at least parts of probably like a hundred times by now) that has a lot of unfamiliar vocabulary and a little bit of unfamiliar grammar, but also a lot of English. I think I'll post it and then just translate the lines into English:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYjnpFxQ4DU
Geethu: Daddy, why won't you take me with you?
Jayarajan: Oh my, dear! We can't take kids when we go to the conference, right?
G: Then won't I be by myself?
J: Aren't your uncle and aunt here to look after you, dear?
G: No. I'm scared if you aren't here.
J: Won't Daddy be back here tomorrow? What do you want me to bring you when I come back? A teddy bear, Micky Mouse, Donald Duck, huh?
G: (My) Little Pony, Pluto, a puppy, and also...oh, yeah, kiss me!
(...)
Hey! Pssst! Oh, Mister Policemaaan!
Cop: What is it, dear?
G: Just open this gate for me!
C: Why should I open it?
G: She told me to.
C: Who did?
G: Geethu. Please? Aren't you a nice policeman?
C: Okay!...Who's Geethu, dear?
G: It's
me, haha!
C: Huh?!
(Bhaskara Pillai, her uncle, spots her hiding behind a bush but pretends to have a sudden urge to shit there and thus catches Geethu)
Bhaskara Pillai: Where're you running off to? Trying to become P. T. Usha [a Malayalee track and field Olympian] at such a young age? Come on, go!
(mutters to self) You aren't at your mom's house now to run around like a disobedient girl without manners! Understand?
G: Uh, um, can I go play over there for a little bit?
B: Don't go outside and play for now! I hadn't gone outside and played like this when I was a kid. It was good I didn't. Discipline! "If wealth is lost, nothing is lost. If health is lost, something is lost. If character is lost (i.e. if you run around like a slut), everything is lost!" Understand? Hmm?
G: Hmph!
B: Good! Heheheh!