Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Conworlds and conlangs
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Travis B.
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Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Travis B. »

I have not conlanged in a good while, having been focused on my software projects, but I figured I would derive a daughter language for Proto-rəgyam, the first of a family of daughter languages. I made an abortive attempt at such previously, but I did not like how it was going to turn out, so I abandoned work on it.

For starters, paring down the overgrown vowel system of Proto-rəgyam is a good idea for sound changes to start off with. In Proto-rəgyam it looks like this:
Major Syllables

Monophthongs

The following monophthongs can be short:

front central back
close i ɨ ⟨iu⟩ u
close-mid e ⟨ei⟩ ɘ ⟨eu⟩ o ⟨ou⟩
open-mid ɛ ⟨e⟩ ɜ ⟨eo⟩ ɔ ⟨o⟩
open æ ⟨ae⟩ ɑ ⟨a⟩
or long:

front central back
close iː ⟨ii⟩ ɨː ⟨iiu⟩ uː ⟨uu⟩
close-mid eː ⟨eei⟩ ɘː ⟨eeu⟩ oː ⟨oou⟩
open-mid ɛː ⟨ee⟩ ɜː ⟨eeo⟩ ɔː ⟨oo⟩
open æː ⟨aae⟩ ɑː ⟨aa⟩

Diphthongs

All diphthongs are long:

front end central end back end
front start æi ⟨aei⟩ æɨ ⟨aeiu⟩ æu ⟨aeu⟩
back start ɑi ⟨ai⟩ ɑɨ ⟨aiu⟩ ɑu ⟨au⟩

Stressed Minor Syllables

front central back
close i ɨ ⟨iu⟩ u
open a

Unstressed Minor Syllables

front central back
near-close ɪ ⟨i⟩ ɨ ⟨iu⟩ ʊ ⟨u⟩
near-open ɐ ⟨a⟩
I am thinking of backing the central vowels into unrounded back vowels and losing phonemic vowel length, merging /æ ɛ æː/ as [ɛ], /ɛː e eː æi/ as [e], /i iː/ as [i], /ɑ ɑː/ as [ɑ], /ɔ o ɑu/ as [ɔ], /ɜ ɘ ɜː ɘː ɑɨ/ as [ʌ], /ɔː oː/ as [o], /ɨ ɨː/ as [ɯ], /u uː/ as [u]. Also, I intend on changing /æɨ æu/ to [eɯ eu] and /ɑi/ to [ʌi].

More will follow....
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka ha wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate ha eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
Travis B.
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Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Travis B. »

That gives the overall monophthong inventory of:
FrontBack UnroundedBack Rounded
Closeiɯu
Close-mideo
Open-midɛʌɔ
Openɑ
and the following diphthongs:
FrontBack UnroundedBack Rounded
ʌieu
Another set of changes is the collapse of minor syllables into their following major syllables. The first and most important changes are /p t c k ʔ b d ɟ g/ collapsing into [ʔ], /s h/ into [h], /m n ɲ ŋ/ into [n], and /ɾ l w j/ being elided in minor syllables followed by the elision of the minor syllables' vowels. This is followed by the following changes:
BeforeAfter
ʔp
ʔt
ʔc
ʔk
ʔbɓ
ʔdɗ
ʔɟʄ
ʔɡɠ
ʔɓɓ
ʔɗɗ
ʔpʰ
ʔtʰ
ʔcʰ
ʔkʰ
ʔstsʼ
ʔhʔ
ʔʔʔ
ʔmʔm
ʔnʔn
ʔɲʔɲ
ʔŋʔŋ
ʔɾʔɾ
ʔlʔl
ʔwʔw
ʔjʔj
hp
ht
hc
hk
hbp
hdt
c
k
ɓ
ɗ
hpʰ
htʰ
hcʰ
hkʰ
hss
hhh
ʔ
hm
hn
ɲ̊
ŋ̊
ɾ̥
hlɬ
hwʍ
hjç
npmb
ntnd
ncɲɟ
nkŋg
nbb
ndd
ɟ
g
b
d
npʰmp
ntʰnt
ncʰɲc
nkʰŋk
nsnz
nhn
n
nmm
nnn
ɲ
ŋ
nlnl
nwm
njɲ
This amounts to a vast expansion in the consonant system, giving the following inventory:
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Voiced nasalmnɲŋ
Voiceless nasalɲ̊ŋ̊
Glottalized nasalʔmʔnʔɲʔŋ
Voiced prenasalized plosivembndɲɟŋg
Voiced plosivebdɟg
Implosiveɓɗʄɠ
Voiceless prenasalized plosivempntɲcŋk
Voiceless plosiveptckʔ
Voiceless aspirated plosive
Ejectivetʼ tsʼ
Voiced prenasalized fricativenz
Voiceless fricativeʍs ɬçh
Voiced prenasalized liquidnɾ nl
Voiced liquidɾ l
Voiceless liquidɾ̥
Glottalized liquidʔɾ ʔl
Voiced semivowelwj
Glottalized semivowelʔwʔj
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka ha wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate ha eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
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mèþru
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Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by mèþru »

Is /ʍ/ a genuine fricative or just patterning as one? I f it is the first' I'd write it as /x͡f/
ìtsanso, God In The Mountain, may our names inspire the deepest feelings of fear in urkos and all his ilk, for we have saved another man from his lies! I welcome back to the feast hall kal, who will never gamble again! May the eleven gods bless him!
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Xwtek
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Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Xwtek »

Personally, I don't like /nr/ /nl/ and /nz/ (Try to pronounce it.) They're more likely to be /nd/ /n/ and /ndz/, respectively.
IPA of my name: [xʷtɛ̀k]

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Travis B.
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Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Travis B. »

mèþru wrote: Sat Jan 26, 2019 8:51 am Is /ʍ/ a genuine fricative or just patterning as one? I f it is the first' I'd write it as /x͡f/
It is in free variation between being a true fricative and being a voiceless semivowel.
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka ha wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate ha eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
Travis B.
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Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Travis B. »

Akangka wrote: Sat Jan 26, 2019 9:24 am Personally, I don't like /nr/ /nl/ and /nz/ (Try to pronounce it.) They're more likely to be /nd/ /n/ and /ndz/, respectively.
I haven't finished my sound changes! Those were just the results of that set of changes.
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka ha wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate ha eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
Travis B.
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Joined: Sun Jul 15, 2018 8:52 pm

Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Travis B. »

As suggested, there are now sound changes to some of the prenasalized consonants, specifically:
BeforeAfter
ndɾ
nlndl
nzndz
There are also the following changes to the obstruent series:
BeforeAfter
ɲɟndʒ
ɟ
ʄ
ɲcntʃ
c
tʃʰ
tʃʼ
çʃ
The earlier mentioned vowel changes have not happened yet, so before /e eː i iː/ but not /æ æː ɛ ɛː æi æɨ æu/ the following sound changes occur (note that these sound changes are made phonemic by the fact that both /e eː/ and /ɛː æi/ become /e/ even though the former pair causes this change and the latter pair does not):
BeforeAfter
ŋɲ
ŋ̊ɲ̊
ʔŋʔɲ
ŋgɲɟ
gɟ
ɠʄ
ŋkɲc
kc
hç
This yields the following consonant inventory:
LabialAlveolarPalatoalveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Voiced nasalmnɲŋ
Voiceless nasalɲ̊ŋ̊
Glottalized nasalʔmʔnʔɲʔŋ
Voiced prenasalized plosivembnd ndzndʒɲɟŋg
Voiced plosivebdɟg
Implosiveɓɗʄɠ
Voiceless prenasalized plosivempntntʃɲcŋk
Voiceless plosiveptckʔ
Voiceless aspirated plosivetʃʰ
Ejectivetʼ tsʼtʃʼ
Voiceless fricativeʍs ɬʃçh
Voiced prenasalized prestopped liquidndɾ ndl
Voiced liquidɾ l
Voiceless liquidɾ̥
Glottalized liquidʔɾ ʔl
Voiced semivowelwj
Glottalized semivowelʔwʔj
Last edited by Travis B. on Thu Feb 07, 2019 3:10 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka ha wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate ha eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
Travis B.
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Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Travis B. »

The following diphthong changes occur after the previous ones:
BeforeAfter
ʌiəi
əɯ
euəu
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka ha wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate ha eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
Travis B.
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Joined: Sun Jul 15, 2018 8:52 pm

Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Travis B. »

Of course all this has the effect of collapsing much of the morphology present in Proto-rəgyam and replacing it with initial consonant mutations or simple homophones. Take for instance Proto-rəgyam kɐkʰæ̰m 'kill (v.)' and kʰæ̰m 'dead'; these become kʰɛ̰m (I decided that there is also progressive palatalization from minor syllables' vowels prior to the minor syllable collapse, so ʔɪkʰæ̰m 'dead (resultative)' becomes cʰɛ̰m). On the other hand mɨkín 'food' and kín 'eat' become ŋgín and kín respectively. However, words with multiple prefixes/minor syllables do preserve stressed syllables before the ultimate syllable, e.g. mɨkɐkʰæ̰m 'kill (n.)' becomes mɯkʰɛ̰m.
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka ha wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate ha eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
Travis B.
Posts: 6308
Joined: Sun Jul 15, 2018 8:52 pm

Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Travis B. »

Another change is the increase in the prevalence of compounding. It should be noted that in nouns created through compounding, the same effects upon consonants in minor syllables and consonants in subsequent major syllables take place between final consonants in preceding compounded words and initial consonants in subsequent compounded words.
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka ha wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate ha eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
Travis B.
Posts: 6308
Joined: Sun Jul 15, 2018 8:52 pm

Re: Making descendants of Proto-rəgyam

Post by Travis B. »

Further changes are the loss of creaky and breathy voice/tone, with creaky voice/tone merging with high tone and breathy voice/tone merging with low tone. However, before this happens, creaky voice causes the same major syllable-initial consonant change as /ʔ/ and plosives and breathy voice causes the same major syllable-initial consonant changes as /s/ or /h/; this happens after minor syllable loss and subsequent initial consonant cluster reduction changes, however.
Yaaludinuya siima d'at yiseka ha wohadetafa gaare.
Ennadinut'a gaare d'ate ha eetatadi siiman.
T'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa t'awraa.
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