Zompist Bboard Again

Really cause i think they are more economical and descriptive.

Playing with new aesthetics
*b *d *dy *j *g *gw
*p *t *ty *c *k *kw
*s *sy
*m *n *ny *nh *ng *ngw

*b *d *dʲ *ɟ *g *gʷ
*p *t *tʲ *c *k *kʷ
*s *sʲ
*m *n *nʲ *ɲ *ŋ *ŋʷ

*i *u
*e *o
*a


*nadca “grandmother” > *nalca > *naltsa > *notsá
*abba “grandfather” > *abba > *abba > *aubá
*ama “mother” > *awa > *awa > *awá
*tada “father” > *tada > *toda > *tulá
*suksyi “sister” > *suksyi > *łusi > *lhysí
*tatsa “brother” > *tatsa > *totła > *tullhá
*nana “cousin” > *nala > *nola > *nuá “female cousin”
*napi “daughter” > *napi > *nepi > *niphi
*janta “son” > *janta > *dzanda > *dzada
*nodna “granddaughter” > *nolna > *nolna > *nyne

Numerals
*nekgweti “one” > *níwelhi
*sundaka “two” > *lhýnnecha
*batana “three” > *basue
*postanha “four” > *phástare
*manake “five” > *mueshi
*tidanta “six” > *lhilda
*pantisi “seven” > *phállii
*nukwsina “eight” > *nýclhine
*tadnasti “nine” > *tónussi
*dacama “ten” > *dasawe

*b
>*v intervocalically
>*u before other consonants
>*mb > *mm
>*b otherwise

*d
>*l before high vowels
>*l between vowels
>*u ablaut before consonants
>*nd > *nn
>*d otherwise

*dy
>*i before consonants
>*ndy > *ny
>*z otherwise

*j
>*i before continuants
>*z before other consonants
>*nhj > *rdz
>*dz otherwise

*g
>*i ablaut before other consonants
>*ngg > *j
>*j otherwise

*gw
>*u ablaut before other consonants
>*nggw > *w
>*w otherwise

*p
>*p after consonants and when geminate
>*mp > *b
>*ph otherwise

*t
>*lh before *i
>*l before sonorants
>*lh before other consonants
>*nt > *d
>*t otherwise

*ty
>*zh after voiced consonants
>*nty > *zh
>*sh otherwise

*c
>*i before continuants
>*s before other consonants
>*s in between vowels
>*nc > *dz
>*ts otherwise

*k
>*X finally
>*i before sonorants
>*sh before front vowels and other obstruents
>*ch before *e from *a before *i or *o before velars
>*ngsh > *zh
>*ngch > *jh
>*ngk > *gh
>*c otherwise

*kw
>*nkw > *v
>*c otherwise

*s
>*lh

*sy
>*s

*m
>*w in between vowels
>*mm > *m
>*mb > *mm
>*mp > *b
>*m otherwise

*n
>*X in between vowels
>*nn > *n
>*nd > *nn
>*nt > *d
>*n otherwise

*ny
>*j in between vowels
>*nny > *ny
>*ndy > *nny
>*nty > *zh
>*ny otherwise

*nh
>*r

*ng
>*ngg > *j
>*ngk > *gh
>Length before other consonants
>*i finally
>*X otherwise


*ngw
>*nggw > *w
>*ngkw > *v
>*u before other consonants
>*u finally
>*X otherwise


*b *d
*p *t *k
*d͡z *d͡ʒ
*t͡s *t͡ʃ
*β *z *zʲ *ɣ
*ɸ *ɬ *s *sʲ
*ɾ *l
*m *n *nʲ

*i *y *u
*e *ø *o
*ɛ
*a

Pitch accent with stress generally being on the penult

Cases

Nominative -X
Accusative *-ma
Ergative *-(i)mba
Dative *-ni
Genitive *-gi
Instrumental *-kena
Lative *-si
Locative *-nak
Ablative *-ka

Probably a uralic style expansion on most cases in the daughters

Grammar

SOV word order in the proto and SOV in the old stages switching to SVO in the middle stages.

*b *d *g
*p *t *c
*v *z *gh
*f *s *ch
*l
*w *y
*m *n

*i *u
*e *o
*è *ò
*a
Contrast is most complete with long vowels but long *a is rare. Long *è and *ò are spelt *ee and *oo while long *e and *o are spelt *ei and *ou to reflect historical differences. Short *è and *ò are unseen in the middle of words and only occur finally or initially in words not the result of interdialectal borrowing they don’t contrast with *a (or with each other) in initial positions and with their nasal counterparts finally.

Only the last bottom 3 vowels can be nasal but the distinction is made in writing (in fact writing has generally remained static since the language was first spelled)

*kw > *f
*b > *v
*d > *z or *l when not preconsonantal and before *i and *u
*g > *v
*gw > X
Velar nasals lost
Goidelicisation (*mp > *b, *nt > *d, *nk > *g)
Gemination to long vowels
*e/o in closed syllables to *o/u
Nasalisation of vowels before nasal consonants
*d > *i in coda
*b > *u in coda
*g > *u in coda
Codas lost
Previous *c > *h

Later changes
*a > *o before *u
Non nasal final mid vowels merge with their high counterparts
Nasal vowels lower to low-mid
Long vowels lower to low mid
*ou/ei > *high mid long vowels
*aa > *ee or *oo
Stressed (initial) *a > low mid *o except before palatals where it becomes low mid *e
Final nasal vowels sometimes lose nasality (the process is complete in other dialects)
Affricate deaffrication
*h lost

The language is even in its oldest stages SVO except for adpositions which come after perhaps under Maraic influence through it influenced Maraic.more. This makes it very confusing to other speakers of related languages.

And core vocabulary comparison
*nadca “grandmother” > *nouha vs *notsá
*abba “grandfather” > *ouva vs *aubá
*ama “mother” > *òwa vs *awá
*tada “father” > *taza vs *tulá
*suksyi “sister” > *susi vs *lhysí
*tatsa “brother” > *tòsa vs *tullhá
*nana “cousin” > *nòla vs *nuá “female cousin”
*napi “daughter” > *nòpi vs *niphi
*janta “son” > *yada vs *dzada
*nodna “granddaughter” > *nouna vs *nyne

Numerals
*nekgweti “one” > *nihesi vs *níwelhi
*sundaka “two” > *sǫzacha vs *lhýnnecha
*batana “three” > *vòtala vs *basue
*postanha “four” > *putana vs *phástare
*manake “five” > *mòlachi vs *mueshi
*tidanta “six” > *sizada vs *lhilda
*pantisi “seven” > *pǫsisi vs *phállii
*nukwsina “eight” > *nusila vs *nýclhine
*tadnasti “nine” > *tounasi vs *tónussi
*dacama “ten” > *zòsawa vs *dasawe

Some notes about the races of this world

Catkin (Children of the dragon goddess of electricity)
Catkin aren't as unemotinal (their progenitors curiosity was of course primarily emotional in fact complete logic doesn't really exist) as say Wolfkin or Lizardkin nevertheless they do tend to view their emotions as systematic and they will often chase the same experiences again in hopes of gaining the same satisfaction. They tend towards wild ideas in both arts, science and even politics but aren't as shaped by what they learned as humans. They don't like democracy and will naturally defer to anyone more intelligent or who can make a better argument than them. They also like material wealth viewing it as good for the creation of clocks (mechanical devices powered by their innate magic) and accumulation of sensations as well as repetition of their same sensations. They are almost in all cases agriculturalists and tend to be even more advanced in technology than surrounding peoples. They generally hold the genesis dragon of order better than her sister due to their mechanical views of the universe and hold her triumph over them to be proof of the innate superiority of order and thought over chaos and emotion. Her sacrifices for her sister as such hold a difficult part in their mythology.

Dogkin (Children of Marasa and also in part Iloun the twin dragons of light)
In general they have the least variation in personality and culture abhorring what they deem degenerate and are obsessed with notions of purity which in females manifests as strict ordeliness and organisation and in males as naievity and kindness. They generally don't like other races unless they also hold their values. They value submission and egalitarianism viewing hierarchy as disdainful but they at the same time have nobility and kings and queens since they view democratic institutions as prone to impurity and they also exalt those they view as better than them. They generally have good views of both genesis dragons of order and chaos and have not forgetten worship of either of them. In most cases they regard emotion as the prime motivator for existence and value their own instincts highly.

Elves (Children of the dragon goddess of earth)
In general elves are seasonal beings whose whims vary with the temperature of the earth (especially sylvan elves) in general denial of this results in shortening of lifespan (light elves live the shortest) and also serves to enable greater evil (light elves have the most capacity for cruelty followed by sea elves due to not being as in sync with their natural desires). Their worship is peaked at solstices and equinoxes (summer for ice elves, autumn for sea elves, winter for light elves and spring for sylvan elves) and their appearance changes with the seasons. They appreciate natural beauty greatly and their art is in imitation of it. They also tend towards hunting and prefer fruits to grains.

Humans (children of the dragon goddess of sky and freedom)
Paradoxically humans in general are much less egalitarian then other races having learned hierarchy much more readily. They are the most influenced by their culture and background. They tend towards conformity and value what is passed down from parent to child even what goes against their very ethos.

In many dialects of Amarin including our spoken variety the near future and future of Old Amarin are nearly or have completely merged. The minor phonetic difference is of course the final *s *mai vs *mais which in a language with longer words is often barely distinguishable. So in many cases the near future has a geminate *s or *ts as is the case in Low Amarin where it is spoken with the charecteristic Low Amarin *maiʃ:. Sequences such as this do not normally occur in the language were gemination and consonant clusters in general are restricted to medial positions. In other cases this gemination has acquired a final vowel to prop it up even further so as *maissa or *maissi. This addition is not needed in dialects where *p lenites to *w before historical high vowels or in the rare few where *k becomes *ts or *s before original *i even if the dialect in question has lost final *s.

Also very particular to Amarin is a language game which alters the language in the following ways.
*s > *sʲ
*X or sometimes *w especially in certain dialects > *p
*r > *t
*j > *k
Initial *i and *u lower to *ɛ, *ɔ

This is in imitation of what Non-Amarin Central Amaric languages sound like to Amarin Speakers through usually they just produce babble with a reduced phonemic inventory. The justification is threefold.
*s is a lot more frequent than *sʲ in Amarin barring Low Amarin due to most sounds which would have become *sʲ in other Central Amaric languages become *s in Amarin. Also Proto Amaric *lʲ the source of most instances of *sʲ in Amarin was relatively rare in the language only matched by *kʷ in rarity. In fact much of Amarins *sʲ's are borrowed from other Amarin languages. This unlike the other two changes would have happened all the way back in Old Amarin although in that period contact with other Amaric languages wasn't so strong.
The next one is justified by the lenition of stops before Old Amarin high vowels which increased the frequency of approximate phonemes in Amarin relative to other Central Amaric languages.
Finally this one is only used by the most speakers is because in most cases other Central Amaric languages merge *e and *o (spelt *ei and *ou) with their low mid counterparts unlike Amarin which merges them with their high counterparts (although not before stops lenite before original high vowels)
Also seen is *l > *n which is not to common amongst Standard Central Amaric languages but is common dialectally and it would become the norm in Amarin proper.

So you get a language with the following phoneme inventory
*p *t *k *kʷ
*sʲ
*(l)
*m *n *nʲ

And a three vowel system of *a, *ɛ, *ɔ with the latter two raising to *i and *u in non initial syllables.

Although “a” used to mean “2.sg” it has since been fossilised and reapplied to many different phrases in the standard language and its most basic meaning would be best translated as “have” in english.

a wana
a wana a wana
a wana tu sua
a wana
have good
have good have good
have good GEN 2.sg
have good
“You good?”
“I’m good, you good?”
“I’m good with you”
“I’m good”

a tu panga na
have of bag INTT
“You have a bag?”

a tu
have this
“This thing”

tu a
of have
“This feeling”

mai a śandia miisju
3.m have year 20x3
“He is sixty years old”

Amarin now has two new tenses/moods both of which exist in the realis and irrealis. The usitative works like in Navajo implying an event takes place customarily and derives from the verb *neka which means roughly "to act as one would expect you to act given social class". The other is the Exclamatory which variously indicates suprise, shock, dissaproval or extreme approval.

paauaujuna apal to tu ne pakanikana apal to ni pasikʷumuńuna
pa-au-auju-na apal to tu ne paka-nika-na apal to ni pasikʷu-muńu-na
EXP-IMPF-see/look-1.sg apple DEM.nonsp of 1.sg eat-USIT-1.sg apple DEM.nonsp for be.healthy-1.sg
“I see an apple, i eat an apple (out of habit), it’s for my health (which is good for me)”

pemannu na kanamamanikata na pipi
pemannu na kanama-ma-nika-ta na pipi
COP.3.sg.NEC LNK be.close-IRR-USIT-1.dual LNK more.often.EXCLM
“It would be very good if we came together more often”

pakaikaimanikani
pa-kai+kai-ma-nika-ni
EXP-make.noise+REDP-IRR-USIT-1.pl
“The feeling of us making noise (often and customarily)”

kʷarimanika tu nasiikʷari
kʷari-ma-nika tu nasii+kʷari
fight-IRR-USIT of fight+season=war
“During war it is custom to fight”

mai papuju
mai papu-ju
3.m be.here.EXCLM
“He is here!”

akʷakʷatijuna wii le
akʷ-akʷati-ju-na wii le
IMPF-make–EXCLM-1.sg DEM.p/t.sp 3.n
“I’m making it here/now! (but it's not an opportune place/time)”

susi mee papumaju nar janaa pai
susi mee papu-ma-ju nar jana-aa pai
wolf DEM.spe be.here-IRR-EXCL to die+CAUS 1.pau
“The wolf may be here, to kill us”

Some Amarin Idioms/Expressions
ama na kusi puri nar naja
be.like LNK run + try.and.catch = chase LAT sun
“Like chasing the sun”
“It’s not difficult”

tu lauja sambasi umia pappu api napatan na sua
GEN NEG drink-2.sg ocean whole satisfy.needs thirsty+NOM LNK 2.sg
“Don’t drink the whole ocean to quench your thirst”
“Don’t be difficult/unreasonable”

siini tu uni inu mee
COP.1.pl GEN on island DEM.Spec
“We’re on an island”
“This is just how things are”

sua mori kirrininsi poko to
2.sg NEG heart+join=marry human DEM.Nonsp
“You wouldn’t marry a human”
“You wouldn’t marry someone you don’t love”

ama ńarra naasinsa
be.like blood milk
“Like blood and milk”
“Family and friends”

mai kamiwi wa tati muu
3.m come-Near from chair big
“He came from the big chair”
“He is bearing important news”

le mamasa sim lun pana na siju to
3.n located LOC.OUT along tail LNK siju DEM.Nonsp
“It’s located along the/a riding beast’s tail”
“This puzzles me”

pa ama paka tu śinśimaa mee
3.n be.like bag GEN feather.pl DEM.Spec
“It’s like a bag of feathers”
“This puzzles me”

morima papakatasi nanaasin kappam nurri sinsimaa
NEG.IMPF IMPF-go.out-2 IMPF-wear cape composed.of
“You wouldn’t go out wearing a cape made of feathers”
“You shouldn’t rush things”

Rautainá was quite brazen in his youth and full of pride like Maiár but unlike him he was more hotheaded and passionate. Despite this he had reservations about affection. He competed for the love of Nahtanani against his older brother and in him she saw the forge of the world as he was of the fires of the earth as well as the god of metal. Sarynna had been quite doting on his sister and enjoyed the playtime between them in his youth. However Nahtanani had grown quite iron willed in her middle youth and saw Rautainá as more suitable for her although he hadn’t grown as paternalistic and austere yet although he was always stern in will. Nahtanani’s’ youthful character was succeeded by Marasa who sought to outdo her mother (and father) and as such she created her own race the Chienna to fill the world with a race of light giving them her strength and radiant character. She shared her creation with her brother Ilóun (now with an acute) who imparted his purity, holiness and naivety on them as well as their large size although the sun was her sole creation (and the moon created by Tide Dancer).

Miscellany about Dragons
Galacrá is now female (this has been decided for a while). She is known as the Clock Dragon by the culture i am developing due to her own race's nature being gifted with magic which works in tune with mechanical devices and electricity. She is now paired with a dragon of Sjénaina’s self genesis noted for his cold intelligence which suits her through she is more living in her nature. Rautainá would have probably ended up with Galacrá if he had not wed Nahtanani.

One of the most widely worshiped dragons is the daughter of the tides (Tidal Dancer) who also created her son the moon through self genesis. She is ultimately a 6th generation dragon descending from 5 of the 9 Great Dragons

I’m deciding on whether to use so, o or on for a new particle in Amarin
It’s used to upgrade nominalised phrases to subordinate clauses
Also to mark tense on a nominalised phrase you use the copula

apana so tu janaa
field SUB of die+CAUS
“The field where the killing happened”

apana na tu janaa
field LNK of die+CAUS
“The field of the kill/kills”
“The field of killing”
“The field of death”

apana so mesaa tu janaa
field LNK.2 COP.gpast of die+CAUS
“The field where they were killed”

apana na memi tu janaa kʷainisai
field LNK COP.impf of die+CAUS luxury+child
“The field of the killing of sablekin”

Amarin now has a concessive mood
Used for when something presupposed influences something else.

nanimaamiasi na sii maniima pala
be.here-IMPF-Concessive-2 LNK 3.f be.that.IMPF
“You’re here so she won’t be”

tu ataramia wilsitanana jasamannuta nawa
of arrive.IMPF-Concessive wind+spring go-Necessitive-1.dual walk
“It’s Spring weather’s arrival so let’s go for a walk”

With other irrealises it unlike the conditional indicated that the condition was factual.

apamuńu tu nanimiasi akai
be.that-Benefactive of be.here-Concessive-2 be.now
“It’s good for me that you are here now”

apimia ruuai na makinaminina sua
COP.2.sg.Concessive sweet LNK kiss-DESI-1.sg 2.sg
“You’re sweet so i’d like to kiss you”

miti pemia sim anu na mai maa mai pasamai pana wawan
be.with COP.3.sg.Concessive LOC.OUT neck LNK 3.m EMPH, 3.m have-FUT tail massive
“With it being to his neck already, he will have a massive tail”

sua manja kamimanu na ne taapa
2.sg NEG come-Conditional LNK 1.sg be.there
“Even if you don’t come i will still be there”

And a verbal partitive...
inunasamna uniamamai
to.love-PART-1.sg sea+salmon+INST.m
“I love salmonsea partly”