Zompist Bboard Again

• As before [ɣ χ r] > [g ʁ̞ ʁ̞]; consonant + w > labialised consonant
• Coda nasals disappear, lowering, lengthening, and nasalising preceding vowels;
• Coda [h] disappears, lengthening and pharyngealising the preceding vowel; vowels after [h] also pharyngealise;
• Glottalisation becomes devoicing and gemination medially, devoicing initially and terminally; glottal stop fortifies to [t];
• Schwa is coloured to [o] by lablialisation; [a] by pharyngealisation, and shifts elsewhere to [e]
• [w] and non-syllabic [u] > [v], or [f] before voiceless stops

have a feeling this might sound kind-of evil.

• ɣ > C /{#,V}_C
• ɣ > w / C_V
• ɔ o u > o u ɨ
• ã(ː) > ɔ̃(ː)
• b d g gʷ > p t k kʷ
• v ɣ > b g
• Stress disappears.

• Vowel chain shift [ɨ e æ o u a] > [i i ɛ u y ɔ], but the shift is blocked by pharyngealisation; [æˤ oˤ eˤ] > [aˤ ɛˤ ɔˤ]; pharyngealisation is subsequently lost;
• Nasalisation of vowels is lost;
• Long vowels break [iː ɔː ɛː] > [ɛi uɛ ia], but [ɛː] > [ɛi] after [w j];
• [k g] > [c j] before [i y]; [t d s] > [tʃ dʒ ʃ] before [y]; [sʷ] > [ʃʷ]

1. uɛ ia → œy iə
2. a e ɛi i → ɔ ø œy y / after a labialised consonant
3. kʷ ʃʷ hʷ → k ʃ w
4. h → ∅ / #_
5. c → tʃ
6. Unconditional consonant degemination
7. s → i / in coda; simplification of resulting hiatus: ii œyi yi → i œji œi
8. ɔr → ɔu
9. Cl → l
10. Stops nasalise in coda: t k ɡ → n ŋ ŋ
11. Front vowels back, rounded vowels deround
12. b → β / V_V

• Short vowel mergers [u ɯ] > [ʉ], [a ʌ] > [ɐ̞]; [ɤ ɔ] > [o̞]; [ɛ ə] > [e̞], but the second of two successive schwas is instead lost;
• Voiced stops and fricatives elide between vowels, the coalescence of vowels produces some new long vowels;
• Diphthongs smooth, [ɛi ɔu ɔi ai] > [e̞ː o̞ː iː aː];
• [tʃ] > [ʃ], or [ɕ] before [i]; [ʃeː] > [ɕiː]; [j] > [ʒ~ʑ] except after [i];
• [t k] palatalise to [s cɕ] before [i[/i], followed by loss of terminal -i and lengthening of the preceding vowel; loss of terminal [i] after [ɕ] with same compensatory lengthening;
  [*]Loss of [ʉ] from the end of words of more than three syllables, with compensatory lengthening; blocked by a preceding long vowel
  [*]Loss of [w] except after stops; loss of stops before [w]
  [*]Invention of a fancy new thing called writing!]

• {c͡ɕ cɕ} ? {ɕ ʃ} ʒ > ʈʂ ɖʐ ʂ ʐ
• ʉː > æ̆ʉ
• j > h
• eː → æj
• ʉ̞ > ʉ
• ŋ > n / {i, e̞, ʉ̞}(ː)_#
• n > ŋ / _ŋ
• s ʂ t > h s ʔ / _#
• io̞ iɐ̞> iwo ija / C_C

• {c͡ɕ cɕ} ? {ɕ ʃ} ʒ > ʈʂ ɖʐ ʂ ʐ
• æj > æ̆i
• ʐ > z > r
• o̞ː > uː
• Vː > V / _{ʔ, h}#
• æ̆ʉ æ̆i ʉ i > œ ɛː ʏ ɪ
• ʂ → ʃ
• ʈʂ > tt / V_V
• ʈʂ > t
• o̞ e̞ > ɛ ɔ
• æː ɐ̞ a > ɑ(ː)
• Progressive rounding harmony: (ɪ iː ɛ ɛː ɯ ɯː ɑ ɑː) vs (ʏ yː œ œː u uː ɔ ɔː)

• k ɡ → t͡ʃ d͡z /_V[+front]
• y,ʏ œ → ʉ ɞ → ɯ ʌ
• iː ɯː uː ɛː ʌː ɑː → ɵi̯ ɘu̯ æo̯ i̯ɒ iɐ̯ ɒe̯
• wi̯ → uj → ud͡z
• ti̯ t͡ʃi̯ si̯ hi̯ ʃi̯ di̯ → t͡ʃ t͡ʃ ʃ ʃ ʃ d͡z
• ki̯ ɡi̯ → c ɟ
• i̯V → ɟV
• ɔ ɑ ʌ → o ɒ a
• ɯ → v̩~f̩~v~f

• [ɨ] merges with [i], [ɘ a] merge to [ɐ], but [an ar] + consonant are unaffected;
• [o.a au or in er ai an] > [waː oː oː iː eː eː aː]
• [k] > [c] before [e i]; [ʃ t d] > [ɕ c͡ɕ ɟ͡ʑ] before [i]; [ʃ] > [ʂ] elsewhere; [s] > [ʂ] before [w]; [t] > [ts] before [r u i]

• Palatalisation of other consonants before [i];
• Laxing of short vowels; [e i o u] > [ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ]; but short [i] is preserved after palatal stops, fricatives, and affricates, where it lengthens in non-function words;
• Intertonic unstressed short vowels, and vowels in unstressed open syllables in function words other than [i] tend to become schwa;
• Terminal stops link onto following initial vowels, or else are lost entirely; [t͡s], which reduces to [s]; some earlier surface filters apply across morpheme boundaries;
• German influence becomes extremely pronounced in Eastern Europe, and its orthography influences an orthographic reform:

• ɲ > nʲ
• Deletion of [ə] except in monosyllables.
• ɔ oː o eː ɐ ɛ ɪ > o uː u iː ə a i
• {r, l}V[-stress] > V[-stress]{r, l} / C_

• Deletion of most schwa, either with (1) compensatory lengthening of a preceding vowel, or (2) the absorption of a function word into the one that precedes; stressed schwa becomes [eː], remaining unstressed schwa [e]
• Long vowels break, [iː uː aː eː] > [ei ou ou ie]
• [v] > [w]
• A new popular orthography begins to appear, with silent "e" becoming normative through vowel loss and analogues in English and French.

• c͡ɕ ɟʑ > t͡ɕ d͡ʑ
• r c > ɻ t
• {kl,ɡl,lj} > ʎ
• ou ei > oʊ eɪ
• k → kʷ / _a
• aː > ɒ
• Epenthetic [ɪ] where S is a plosive or affricate: {#, C}S_S

• [d͡ʑ t͡ɕ] > [d͡z t͡s] > [z s] before [e] and terminally; inherited [t͡s d͡z] also disaffricate;
• Terminal consonants are frequently lost, with compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel, or the syllabic element of a preceding diphthong; however this change is blocked, even across morpheme boundaries, where the consonant will often be lenited; syllable-final [s] disappears before another consonant internally with the same result, often also leniting whatever followed if a voiceless stop;
• Insertion of a few more [ɪ] to break up unwieldy clusters
• [k] > [c] > [ç] before [i]

Otto Kretschmer wrote: ↑Sun Aug 22, 2021 7:12 am AFter we're done with Romanian, choose something that one can make a detailed gloss with, either a conlang or a natlang.

Rounin Ryuuji wrote: ↑Mon Aug 23, 2021 12:54 am 在抂朝、期々意識堉乃復堉丹相林抂意芽津悗堉丹凬、吾荄起木。
Arŭasa, tokŏdokŏ isĭwokori no todori ni sŏfuru isime tsu moyori nite, wore nisekĕ
[áɺʉ̆̀ᵝ.áˑ.s̪à | t̪ʷóᵝˑ.kʷŏ̀ᵝ.d̪ʷóᵝ.kʷŏ̀ᵝ í.s̪ĭ̀.wóᵝ.kʷóᵝˑ.ɾ̪ʲì nòᵝ s̪(ʷ)ŏ̀ᵝ.ɸʷʉ́ᵝˑ.ɺʉ̀ᵝ í.s̪íˑ.mɛ̀ t̪͡s̪ʲỳᵝ móᵝ.jóᵝ.ɾ̪ʲì ɲí.tɛ̀ | wóᵝˑ.ɺɛ̀ ɲíˑ.sɛ̀.kɛ̆̀]
certain.morning(=one morning) | instance.REDUPLICATED(=usual) mind.aware.INFINITIVE(=consciousness) GENITIVE return.INFINITIVE COMITATIVE accompany.ADNOMINAL mind CONNECTOR perplex.NOMINAL COMITATIVE | 1sg.NOMINATIVE awaken.PAST
Original: "I awoke one morning with the usual perplexity of mind which accompanies the return of consciousness."

1. Reduced vowels → [ɜ] or [ə] or [əᵝ]
2. Compression → rounding except on [əᵝ]
3. Half-long → long vowels (mostly a notational change)
4. s̪ʷ ɸʷ → s̪ ʍ
5. Palatalisation/labialisation/compression spreads through word
6. sʲ s̪ʲ → ɕ; tʲ t̪͡s̪ kʲ → tɕ; kᶣ → tɕᶣ; sᵝ kᵝ → s͎ k͡p
7. Vowels move into sets [æ ɛ i ɘ ɨ ə] ~ [ɒ ɞ ʉ o u ɵ] ~ [œ ø y ɵ ʉ ɵ] based on labialisation/palatalisation of surrounding consonants

Arŭasa,

certain.morning,

tokŏdokŏ

instance~REDUP

isĭwokori

mind.aware.INF

no

GEN

todori

return.INF

ni

COM

sŏfuru

accompany.ADN

isime

mind

tsu

CONN

moyori

perplex.NOM

nite,

COM,

wore

1SG.NOM

nisekĕ

awaken.PST