The sound changes are detailed under Old Laqar and Classical Laqar. So far I have not made any sound changes between Classical Laqar and Rekə Laqar, as Rekə Laqar exists more as a medium to rework Laqar morphology, even though at the present it is actually very close to Classical Laqar.
I don't use an SCA, and anyways stress is kind of complex (but completely regular) in Proto-Laqar, where the heaviest of the last three syllables of a word attracts stress, and stress moves when affixes are attached to words (with the exception of case clitics). That results in a lot of complications in Old Laqar, Classical Laqar, and Rekə Laqar.
Proto-Laqar stress falls on the first of heaviest of the last three syllables of a word. Note that CV:C is heaviest, then CVC and CV: are equally heavy, then CV is lightest.Vilike wrote: ↑Mon Mar 08, 2021 6:27 am Two questions, as I'm trying to write those sound changes in Lexurgy:
- Proto-Laqar stress is dependent on syllable weight, but how so? Is a closed syllable with a long vowel heavier than an open syllable with a long vowel? What about open syllable long vowel and closed syllable short vowel?
If all the vowels before and after the stressed syllable are short, and no invalid consonant clusters would be created (only CC is allowed, and only between vowels), yes.
I meant to say that in Proto-Laqar the stress is in the left-most of the heaviest of the last thee syllables of a word. As for how to romanize Old Laqar, feel free to change it to ⟨â⟩ unstressed and ⟨à⟩. As for /ɔ/ change it to ⟨ò⟩ stressed, ⟨ô⟩ unstressed to bring it in line with Classical Laqar. And as for the rounded front vowels, just use double-acutes for the stressed versions.Vilike wrote: ↑Thu Mar 11, 2021 11:22 am On the Old Laqar page you wrote that "stress is always the left-most of the last three syllables of a word". But Classical Laqar forms do still have the stress on the Proto-Laqar stressed syllable, so there evidently never was a regularization of stress in the meantime.
If stress is indeed contrastive in Old Laqar, how should it be romanized? The open back vowel /ɑ/ is already romanized ⟨á⟩. Should it change to ⟨â⟩ unstressed and ⟨à⟩ stressed, to bring it in line with Classical Laqar practices? What about the other diacrited vowels?
You probably missed it because I am very on-and-off w.r.t. working on my conlangs. Much of the time lately I have been working on zeptoforth, so I have not been doing much conlang work.WeepingElf wrote: ↑Fri Mar 12, 2021 10:39 am This is a good diachronic conlang project, with interesting morphosyntactic alignment features. I don't know why I missed this thread all the time, but there are some ideas quite similar to what I am pursuing in my Hesperic project.
Code: Select all
# The * feature value is the default value
Feature type (*cons, vowel)
# Vowel Features
Feature height (open, nearOpen, openMid, mid, closeMid, close)
Feature frontness (front, central, back)
Feature rounded
Feature +stress
Feature +long
Feature +nasalized
# Consonant Features
Feature voiced
Feature place (bilabial, alveolar, alveolopalatal, palatal, retroflex, velar, labiovelar, uvular, glottal)
Feature manner (plosive, nasal, tap, affricate, fricative, approximant, liquid)
Feature +lateral
Feature +labialized, +ejective, +aspirate
#Features for stress and syncope assignment
Feature +coda
Feature +delete
# Diacritics
# "Floating" diacritics are ignored in rules by default
Diacritic ́ (floating) [+stress]
Diacritic ː [+long]
Diacritic ̃ [+nasalized]
Diacritic ʷ [+labialized]
Diacritic ʼ [+ejective]
Diacritic ʰ [+aspirate]
# Vowel Symbols
Symbol i [vowel front -rounded close]
Symbol y [vowel front +rounded close]
Symbol u [vowel back +rounded close]
Symbol e [vowel front -rounded closeMid]
Symbol ø [vowel front +rounded closeMid]
Symbol o [vowel back +rounded closeMid]
Symbol ə [vowel central mid]
Symbol ɛ [vowel front -rounded openMid]
Symbol œ [vowel front +rounded openMid]
Symbol ɞ̞ [vowel central +rounded mid]
Symbol ɔ [vowel back +rounded openMid]
Symbol æ [vowel front -rounded open]
Symbol ɐ [vowel central nearOpen]
Symbol a [vowel central -rounded open]
Symbol ɑ [vowel back -rounded open]
Symbol ɒ [vowel back +rounded open]
# Consonant Symbols
Symbol m [bilabial nasal]
Symbol n [alveolar nasal]
Symbol ɳ [retroflex nasal]
Symbol ɲ [palatal nasal]
Symbol ŋ [velar nasal]
Symbol ɴ [uvular nasal]
Symbol p [-voiced bilabial plosive]
Symbol b [+voiced bilabial plosive]
Symbol t [-voiced alveolar plosive]
Symbol d [+voiced alveolar plosive]
Symbol k [-voiced velar plosive]
Symbol ɡ [+voiced velar plosive]
Symbol q [-voiced uvular plosive]
Symbol ʔ [-voiced glottal plosive]
Symbol t͡s [-voiced alveolar affricate]
Symbol d͡z [+voiced alveolar affricate]
Symbol t͡ɕ [-voiced alveolopalatal affricate]
Symbol d͡ʑ [+voiced alveolopalatal affricate]
Symbol ʈ͡ʂ [-voiced retroflex affricate]
Symbol ɖ͡ʐ [+voiced retroflex affricate]
Symbol s [-voiced alveolar fricative]
Symbol z [+voiced alveolar fricative]
Symbol ʂ [-voiced retroflex fricative]
Symbol ʐ [+voiced retroflex fricative]
Symbol ɕ [-voiced alveolopalatal fricative]
Symbol ʑ [+voiced alveolopalatal fricative]
Symbol ç [-voiced palatal fricative]
Symbol ʝ [+voiced palatal fricative]
Symbol x [-voiced velar fricative]
Symbol ɣ [+voiced velar fricative]
Symbol χ [-voiced uvular fricative]
Symbol ʁ [+voiced uvular fricative]
Symbol h [glottal fricative]
Symbol j [palatal approximant]
Symbol ɾ [alveolar tap]
Symbol t͡ɬ [-voiced alveolar affricate +lateral]
Symbol ɬ [-voiced alveolar +lateral fricative]
Symbol l [alveolar +lateral approximant]
Symbol w [labiovelar approximant]
Diacritic . (floating) [+coda]
Diacritic ^ (floating) [+delete]
#Use of classes for romanization
Class stressed {í, é, è, ú, ó, ò, á, à, ű, ő, ẽ, õ, ã}
Class unstressed {i, e, ê, u, o, ô, a, â, ü, ö, ę, ǫ, ą}
deromanizer:
#Adding the tie bar to the affricates
[plosive alveolar] [fricative alveolar] => * [affricate]
[plosive alveolar] [fricative alveolopalatal] => * [affricate]
#Removing hyphens
\- => *
syllabification:
[cons] => [+coda] / _ {[cons], $}
[vowel] => [+coda] / _ {[cons] [vowel], $}
stress-assignment [vowel]:
[+long -coda] => [+stress] / _ []? []? $
{[-coda], [+long +coda]} => [+stress] / _ []? []? $ // _ []? [+long -coda]
[] => [+stress] / _ [-long +coda] [-long +coda] $
[] => [+stress] / $ _ [-long +coda] $
[] => [+stress] / $ _ $
Then: [+stress] => [-stress] / [+stress] []? _
glottal-stop-deletion:
ʔ => * / [vowel] _ [vowel]
hiatus-resolution:
* => j / [vowel] _ [front]
* => w / [vowel] _ [back]
diphtongs-changing:
{{æː j, ɒː j}, {æː w, ɒː w}, iː w, uː j} => {eː j, oː w, yː w, yː j} / _ {[cons -coda], $}
{{æ j., ɒ j.}, {æ w., ɒ w.}, {i w., u j.}} => {eː. *, oː. *, yː. *}
unstressed-vowel-quality:
{i, u, æ, ɒ}&[-stress] => {e, o, ɐ, ɞ̞}
vowel-lowering:
{[close], æ, æː, ɐ, ɞ̞} => {[closeMid], ɑ, ɑː, ɑ, ɒ} / {[uvular] _, _ [uvular]}
Then: ɞ̞ => ɐ
deletable [vowel] propagate:
[-long -stress +coda] => [+delete] / {[+stress +coda] _ [], [] _ [+stress +coda]}
[-long -stress +coda] => [+delete] / {[+delete] [] _, _ [] [+delete]}
vowel-syncope [vowel]:
[+delete] => * // {{$, [-coda]} _, _ $}
Then: [+delete] => [-delete]
resyllabification:
[+coda] => [-coda]
Then: [cons] => [+coda] / _ {[cons], $}
[vowel] => [+coda] / _ {[cons] [vowel], $}
monophtongization:
{i j., iː j., u w., uː w.} => {iː. *, iː. *, uː. *, uː. *}
vowel-shortening:
[+long] => [-long]
vowel-contraction:
{i j i} => i * *
{u w u} => u * *
simple-change:
ɒ => ɔ
palatalisation:
[velar plosive] => [alveolopalatal affricate] / {{i, y, j} _, _ {i, y, j}}
{[fricative], [affricate]}&[+lateral] => [alveolopalatal -lateral] / {{i, y, j} _, _ {i, y, j}}
to-velars:
[uvular] => [velar]
[+labialized] => [-labialized]
sibilanticization:
{[affricate], [fricative]}&[+lateral] => [-lateral]
romanizer-Old-Laqar:
[+aspirate] => [-aspirate]
[+ejective] * => [-ejective] '
Then: {d͡z, d͡ʑ, t͡s, t͡ɕ, ɕ, ʑ, ɣ} => {j, ǰ, c, č, š, ž, ġ}
{j, ɾ, ʔ} => {y, r, *}
{y, ø, æ, ɐ, ɔ, ɑ}&[-stress] => {ü, ö, a, ə, ô, â}
{i, e, u, o, ɔ, æ, y, ø, ɑ}&[+stress] => {í, é, ú, ó, ò, á, ű, ő, à}
Then: [+stress] => [-stress]
Then: @stressed => @unstressed / $ [cons]? _ {[cons], y}? $
Then: [+coda] => [-coda]
#Classical Laqar
schwa-raising:
ɐ => ə
uvularization:
[velar]&{!g} => [uvular] / {{ɑ, ɔ} _, _ {ɑ, ɔ}}
gemination-palatal:
#Couldnt use the simpler copy rule because of the coda feature
[cons]$1 j => [] $1
#[cons $place $manner $voiced $ejective $aspirate] j => [] [$place $manner $voiced $ejective $aspirate]!
palatalization-2:
[velar fricative] => [palatal]
retroflexization:
[alveolopalatal] => [retroflex]
nasalization:
[vowel] => [+nasalized] / _ [nasal +coda]
labio-fronting:
{u j., i w.} => {y j, y w}
big-monophthongaison:
{æ, ɑ, ɔ} j. => ɛ. *
{ə, e, o} j. => e. *
{æ, ɑ} w. => ɔ. *
{ɔ, ə, e, o} w. => o. *
rounded-diphtongs-go:
[front +rounded] {w., j.} => [+coda] *
front-unround:
[front +rounded] => [-rounded]
vowel-palatalization-or-centralization:
{æ, ɑ, ɔ} => ɛ / _ j
{æ̃, ɑ̃, ɔ̃} => ɛ̃ / _ j
[open] => [central open]
debuccalization:
{[palatal], [uvular]}&[fricative] => h / [cons] _
[palatal fricative] => [alveolopalatal]
aspiration:
[+voiced !fricative] => [-voiced +aspirate] / _ [+aspirate]
[+voiced !fricative] => [-voiced +aspirate] / {h _, _ h}
consonants-disappear:
[vowel] [cons] {w, h} => [+coda] [-coda] *
Then: [vowel] [nasal +coda] => [+coda] *
nasal-lowering [+nasalized]:
[close] => [closeMid]
Then: [closeMid] => [openMid]
[mid] => [open]
Romanizer:
[+aspirate] => [-aspirate]
[+ejective] * => [-ejective] '
Then: {d͡z, ɖ͡ʐ, t͡s, ʈ͡ʂ, ɕ, ʑ, ʂ, ʐ, ʁ, χ} => {j, ǰ, c, č, ś, ź, š, ž, ġ, x}
{j, ɾ, ʔ} => {y, r, *}
{i, e, ɛ, u, o, ɔ, a}&[+stress] => {í, é, è, ú, ó, ò, á}
{ɛ, ɔ}&[-stress] => {ê, ô}
{ɛ̃, ɔ̃, ã}&[+stress] => {ẽ, õ, ã}
{ɛ̃, ɔ̃, ã}&[-stress] => {ę, ǫ, ą}
Then: [+stress] => [-stress]
Then: @stressed => @unstressed / $ [cons]? _ {[cons], y}? $
Then: [+coda] => [-coda]
I'll take a look at this shortly (I'm at work right now), but actually I think Lexurgy got that one right.