Zompist Bboard Again

foxcatdog wrote: ↑Tue Aug 01, 2023 9:24 pm It's not a proto language its attested in writing the proto language is in the Mythic World thread i just like the asterisks because they help with google docs (it stops things from capitalising)

I'd turn off spellcheck in Google Docs at all cost, or use MyPad (an Etherpad instance/ docs site) and turn it off there. Both methods have drawbacks, but at least you don't have use asterisks.

I also guessed the examples were passages because there weren't even amounts of words per row, but i'm curious to what they were.
----
/i ʉ u ĩ ũ/
/e ɘ o ɘ̃ /
/ɛ ɔ ɛ̃ ɔ̃/
/a ɐ ã/

/m n/ m n
/pʰ bʱ tʰ dʱ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ kʷʰ qʷʰ/
/p ᵐb t ⁿd t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ k g kʷ qʷ/
/pʼ ɓ tʼ ɗ t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ t͡ɕʼ kʼ kʷʼ qʷʼ ʔ/
/θʰ sʰ xʰ h/
/θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ x ɣ xʷ ɣʷ ɦ/
/ɬ l ʎ/
/ʋ ɾ j ʀ/

<i u uu in un>
<ee eo oo eon>
<e o en on>
<aa a an>

<m n>
<ph bh th dh tsh ch cjh kjh kh cwh kwh>
<p b t d ts c cj kj k gg cw kw>
<pp bb tt dd tts cc ccj kkj kk ccw kkw q>
<þh sh xh hh>
<þ ð s z sj zj xj gj x g xw gw h>
<lh l lj>
<w rr j r>

<þ ð j> can be replaced by <f v y>. apostrophes separate multigraphs.

ja sɾĩ pi sũ ka zi jã ni
mɛ̃ pa sã pjã ʋɾi ta bɛ dʱi nũ ᵐbʎĺu
t͡ɕʰɘ̃ ʒɬo kʷʼɔ̃ ʃɐ ɗʋã klʉ θʰɛ̃ kʀɔ qʷʼi
ʎu t͡sʰũ kʷʰɐ njo t͡sʰʋa ði xʷe ɣʷɛ

Ja srin pi sun ka zi jan ni.
Men paa san pjan wri ta be dhi nun blhlu.
Kjheon zjlhoo ccwon sja ddwan kluu þhe kro kkwi.
Lhuu chun cwha njoo chwaa ði xwee gwe.

For whatever reason, this reminded me of some future predixion of English. Or maybe English with slight influences from Caucasian languages.

*m *n *nʲ
*b *d *dʲ
*t *tʲ *k *q
*ts
*ɮ *z
*ɬ *s *sʲ *ç~x *χ *h
*ɾ
*w *j

*b is *p initially and has increasing tendency to fricate in such positions
*k is *ɣ intervocalically
*ɮ is *l in between vowels and *ɰ preconsonantally
*ç~x is a very marginal phoneme only appearing before *i/j as *ç and *u/w as *x where it doesn’t contrast with *h however it contrasts before nasal *ɛ̨ and *ɔ̨ as well as before *ɛ and *ɔ when in closed syllables and therefore realised and *ɪ and *ʊ. Southern dialects generally retain proto *e and *o as *i and *u which serves as another source of contrast however in these dialects such phonemes derive from proto *h rather then *p which has undergone the alternate chain shift *p > *b > *m
Central dialects retain proto *p and *ɸ and contrast *k and *ɣ initially

*i *u
*ɛ *ɔ
*a

*ɛ̨ *ɔ̨
*ą

Any vowel can be long or high tone.

*nɛ́: “fox”, *nɛj “cute”, *bsʲama “sick”, *çɛs “tired”, *aita “young”, *nʲadʲá “woman”, *tʲɛhha “sun”, *mwa “cat”, *nʲanʲɔ: “beastfolk”, *nandǐ: “candy”, *ɮuzɔn “to work”, *báj “red”, *tɛ̨̂: “to place”, *dɔ̨l “sky”, *tsuna “to flash”, *ɬɔɾa “to create”, *madi “model”, *tɔ “small”, *kî: “round”, *tʲaqá “blue”, *xusmba “black”, *kamí “spirit”, *bɔ̨́ja “human”, *nuχa “blade/leaf”, *qâ: “high”, *kɔ̨̌:sʲwa “to sense”

You can guess which language it is inspired by.

/m n nʲ/ ⟨m n ñ⟩
/b d dʲ/ ⟨b d j⟩
/t tʲ k q/ ⟨t c k q⟩
/ts/ ⟨ċ⟩
/ɮ z/ ⟨l z⟩
/ɬ s sʲ ç~x χ h/ ⟨ɫ s s̃ x g h⟩
/ɾ/ ⟨r⟩
/w j/ ⟨w y⟩

/i u ɛ ɔ a/ ⟨i u e o a⟩
/ɛ̨ ɔ̨ ą/ ⟨ę ǫ ą⟩

/a aː á áː/ ⟨a aa á áá⟩

/nɛ́: nɛj bsʲama çɛs aita nʲadʲá tʲɛhha mwa nʲanʲɔ:/ néé ney bs̃ama xes aita ñaja cehha mwa ñañoo
/nandǐ: ɮuzɔn báj tɛ̨̂: dɔ̨l tsuna ɬɔɾa madi tɔ kî:/ nandií luzon báy tę́ę dǫl ċuna ɫora madi to kíi
/tʲaqá xusmba kamí bɔ̨́ja nuχa qâ: kɔ̨̌:sʲwa/ caqá xusmba kamí bǫ́ya nuga qáa kǫǫ́s̃wa

/i u/
/ɛ ɔ ɛ̨ ɔ̨/
/a ą/

/m n nʲ/
/(p) b t tʲ ts d dʲ k q/
/(ɸ) ɬ ɮ s sʲ z ç~x (ɣ) χ h/
/ɾ j w/

<i u>
<e o è ò>
<a à>

<m n ny>
<(p) b t ty c d dy k q>
<(f) hl l s sy z j (g) x h>
<r y w>

An acute accent marks a high tone. Doubling the vowel marks a long vowel. high tone on a nasal vowel is a down chevron <ǎ ě ǒ>.

• né /nɛ́/ “fox”
• ney /nɛj/ “cute”
• bsyama /bsʲama/ “sick”
• jes /çɛs/ “tired”
• aita /aita/ “young”
• nyadyá /nʲadʲá/ “woman”
• tyehha /tʲɛhha/ “sun”
• mwa /mwa/ “cat”
• nyanyó /nʲanʲɔ: / “beastfolk”
• nandíí /nandǐ:/ “candy”
• luzon /ɮuzɔn / “to work”
• báy /báj/ “red”
• těě /tɛ̨̂:/ “to place”
• dòl /dɔ̨l/ “sky”
• cuna /tsuna/ “to flash”
• hlora /ɬɔɾa/ “to create”
• madi /madi/ “model”
• to /tɔ/ “small”
• kíí /kî:/ “round”
• tyaqá /tʲaqá/ “blue”
• jusmba /xusmba/ “black”
• kamí /kamí/ “spirit”
• bǒya /bɔ̨́ja/ “human”
• nuxa /nuχa/ “blade/leaf”
• qáá /qâ:/ “high
• kǒǒsywa /kɔ̨̌:sʲwa/ “to sense”

Central dialects retain proto *p and *ɸ, and contrast *k and *ɣ initially

For future reference, it would be a help to put dialectal phonemes in the list; albeit with parentheses or some marking of their rarity. Likewise, i had some difficulty parsing your statement on the ç~x allophony, which i think is related to the previous. And, ya know, you can still use bookended parantheses/ brackets in your notes for the phoneme lists as opposed to the words. No hard feelings, it just makes it easier to do this thing.

I also saw some tones in the examples not alluded to in the inventory, but i'll assume those are typos.

foxcatdog wrote:You can guess which language it is inspired by.

i honestly feel bad that i can't. lay it on me, which one was it? Best guess is Japanese/ Japonic languages.

Oh, and all my petty criticisms said, i absolutely adore this one being complicated by allophony not inventory and its rather unique feel.

Starbeam wrote: ↑Wed Aug 16, 2023 11:58 pm Likewise, i had some difficulty parsing your statement on the ç~x allophony, which i think is related to the previous.

Oh, I just gave up entirely on understanding that one. Some punctuation would help.

foxcatdog wrote:You can guess which language it is inspired by.

i honestly feel bad that i can't. lay it on me, which one was it? Best guess is Japanese/ Japonic languages.

That’s what I guessed too.

Marian spoken by the Maric from *mar “blood” and *ic “knot”
*b *p *d *t *g *k
*d͡z *t͡s
*v *f *ɮ *ɬ *z *s *ʒ *ʃ
*ɾ *r
*w *j
*m *n *nʲ

In stressed (initial) syllables the following vowel contrasts are observed. In general long vowels also occur in this position. *a only occurs in loanwords from other dialects which haven’t undergone the northeastern chain shift and therefore don’t have *y in their native vocabulary but also sometimes in onomatopoeia such as *nʲa: “cat” and in loanwords from the catkin languages to the north who were a much more developed urban culture and also the ones who introduced writing to the region.

*i *y *u
*e *o
*ɛ *ɔ
*a

In unstressed syllables these reduce to *i, *u and *a mainly from a process of gradual raising of previous mid vowels. Vowel hiatus is extremely rare and pretty much only occurs in foreign words as the language had undergone a process of vowel loss in even syllables which led to its current CVC structure.

*kɔv, *vy:ki, *mar, *ik, *nult͡sa, *nɔɾ, *wɛra, *kyki, *sunda, *mɔksi, *me:rtu, *tɔ, *ɮia, *aɮan, *nua, *a:vi, *kusi, *kuɬa, *fanʲi, *nʲo:, *pɔʃwi, ɛna, ortu, naksu, wi, miʃ, *mɛ:ʒi, *ɔni, *aɮa, *se:nti, *sɔɮ, *zura, *ʒɛ, *nu, *my:t͡si, *d͡zav, *taka, *ɮɔgi, *mɔra, *kaʒdi, *bikar, *kun, *ɬu:, *ganda, *pawi, *fina, *vɔ:, *gun, *ty:sa, *ama, *ɔmia, *kɔt͡sia, *da:na, *jif, *jɔ:ni, *ka, *jesku, *nan, *guɾ, *go:, *jɛ:va, *d͡zu, *nʲa:, *nɛna

/b p d t ɡ k/ ⟨b p d t g k⟩
/d͡z t͡s/ ⟨j c⟩
/v f ɮ ɬ z s ʒ ʃ/ ⟨v f l lh z s zh sh⟩
/ɾ r/ ⟨r rr⟩
/w j/ ⟨w y⟩
/m n nʲ/ ⟨m n ñ⟩

/i y u e o ɛ ɔ a/ ⟨i ü u é ó e o a⟩
/Vː/ ⟨VV⟩

/kɔv vy:ki mar ik nult͡sa nɔɾ wɛra kyki sunda mɔksi/ ⟨kov vüüki marr ik nulca nor wera küki sunda moksi⟩
/me:rtu tɔ ɮia aɮan nua a:vi kusi kuɬa fanʲi nʲo:/ ⟨méérrtu to lia alan nua aavi kusi kulha fañi ñóó⟩
/pɔʃwi ɛna ortu naksu wi miʃ mɛ:ʒi ɔni aɮa se:nti/ ⟨poshwi ena órrtu naksu wi mish meezhi oni ala séénti⟩

(and so on; I don’t have the patience to transcribe all those words)

*b *p *d *t *g *k < b p d t g/gh c/ch >
*d͡z *t͡s < c(e, i, y)/ç cz >
*v *f *ɮ *ɬ *z *s *ʒ *ʃ < v/f (terminal) f/ph (terminal) dl tl z/s (intervocalic) s/ss (intervocalic) g(e, i, y)/j sc(e, i, y)/sç >
*ɾ *r < r rr >
*w *j < ou/hou- i/hi- (before /i/) >
*m *n *nʲ < m n gn >

*i *y *u < i u ou >
*e *o < e au >
*ɛ *ɔ < ai o >
*a < a >

Long vowels marked with a circumflex, vowels in hiatus are separated by -h-.

*kɔv, *vy:ki, *mar, *ik, *nult͡sa, *nɔɾ, *wɛra, *kyki, *sunda, *mɔksi, *me:rtu, *tɔ, *ɮia, *aɮan, *nua, *a:vi, *kusi, *kuɬa, *fanʲi, *nʲo:, *pɔʃwi, ɛna, ortu, naksu, wi, miʃ, *mɛ:ʒi, *ɔni, *aɮa, *se:nti, *sɔɮ, *zura, *ʒɛ, *nu, *my:t͡si, *d͡zav, *taka, *ɮɔgi, *mɔra, *kaʒdi, *bikar, *kun, *ɬu:, *ganda, *pawi, *fina, *vɔ:, *gun, *ty:sa, *ama, *ɔmia, *kɔt͡sia, *da:na, *jif, *jɔ:ni, *ka, *jesku, *nan, *guɾ, *go:, *jɛ:va, *d͡zu, *nʲa:, *nɛna

Cof, vûchi, mar, ic, noulçam nor, waira, cuchi, sounda, mocsi, mêrtou, to, dlia, adlan, nuha, âvi, coussi, coutla, fagni, gniaû, posçoui, aina, ortou, nacsu, houi, misç maîgi, oni, adla, sênti, sodl, zoura, jai, nou, mûci, czaf, taca, dloghi, mora, cajdi, bicar, coun, dloû, ganda, pahoui, fina, vô goun tûssa, ama, omiha, cociha, dâna, hiiph, hiôna ca, hiescu, nan, gour, gaû hiaîva, czou, gna, naina

Sala'e

p t tʲ ʧ k ʔ
tʰ
b d g
m n nʲ ŋ
r
f s sʲ ʃ x h
fʰ sʰ
v z (ɦ)
l ɺ j

i u e ɵ o ɛ a

Sala'e contrasts breathy voice on vowels. An epenthetic [ɦ] is inserted before a breathy vowel in a vowel sequence.

/ahuvaʔɛ nʲasaʧuhugamɛ ʧɵgɵrɛŋaʔɛ || ʧɵgɵrɛsaʧuhuŋanɛkeŋe nʲanima̤gṳvaju || nʲaxua̤ra̤gamɛtʲɛkɛ sʲiritʲoŋguʔu sʲo̤rokodovaʔɛ tʲezimɵdɵŋaʔɛ nʲalɛmojibɛdakoju || ŋoɺɛvaŋluguŋanɛzavaʔɛ/

Salaʻä

/p t tʲ ʧ k ʔ/ ⟨p t ty c k ʻ⟩
/tʰ/ ⟨th⟩
/b d g/ ⟨b d g⟩
/m n nʲ ŋ/ ⟨m n ny ŋ⟩
/r/ ⟨r⟩
/f s sʲ ʃ x h/ ⟨f s sy x h⟩
/fʰ sʰ/ ⟨fh sh⟩
/v z (ɦ)/ ⟨v z (h)⟩
/l ɺ j/ ⟨l ɫ y⟩

/i u e ɵ o ɛ a/ ⟨i u e ö o ä a⟩
Breathy voice: ⟨Vh⟩

/ahuvaʔɛ nʲasaʧuhugamɛ ʧɵgɵrɛŋaʔɛ || ʧɵgɵrɛsaʧuhuŋanɛkeŋe nʲanima̤gṳvaju || nʲaxua̤ra̤gamɛtʲɛkɛ sʲiritʲoŋguʔu sʲo̤rokodovaʔɛ tʲezimɵdɵŋaʔɛ nʲalɛmojibɛdakoju || ŋoɺɛvaŋluguŋanɛzavaʔɛ/

Ahuvaʻä nyasacuhugamä cögöräŋaʻä. Cögöräsacuhuŋanäkeŋe nyanimahguhvayu. Nyaxuahrahgamätyäkä syirityoŋguʻu syohrokodovaʻä tyezimödöŋaʻe nyalämoyibädakoyu. Ŋoɫävaŋluguŋanäzavaʻä.

Old Zlang (/zjɛɴ/)

/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ ŋʷ ɴ/
/mb nd ɲɟ ŋg ŋgʷ/
/b d ɟ g gʷ/
/p t c k kʷ q qʷ ʔ/
/pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ kʷʰ qʰ qʷʰ/
/mbʐ mbʑ ndz ɳdʐ ɲdʑ/
/bʐ bʑ dz dʐ dʑ/
/pʂ pɕ ts tʂ tɕ/
/pʂʰ pɕʰ tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ/
/z ʐ ʑ/
/ʍ s ʂ ɕ ɬ ç h/
/ɻ l/
/ɻ̥/
/w j/

/i y ɯ u/
/e ø ɤ o/
/ɛ/
/a ɑ/

/ie yø ɯɤ uo/

/eˤ øˤ ɤˤ oˤ/
/ɛˤ œˤ ʌˤ ɔˤ/
/æˤ/
/ɑˤ/

/iɛˤ yœˤ ɯʌˤ uɔˤ/

All native words are monosyllabic, and all syllables have the structure of C(j)V({ɴ,ʔ,h,ɻ,w,j}).

Note that the only nasal that can end a syllable is /ɴ/, which also never appears in the syllable onset. Also note that the only stop that can end a syllable is /ʔ/. Also note that only front vowels may precede /ɻ/ and /j/, and only back vowels may precede /w/.

/cuh kɑ ŋgjaʔ ŋguh tʰjɤʔ huo pʂø mbjɛh dʑɛɴ tsʰɛj ŋjiɴ pʰjɤw jɛ na tsʰyj ɕow jɛ/

/cʰah qʷoɴ ɕɑʔ ʔiɴ pʰo jɛ na tsa jo ɟøʔ huo pʂøʔ jɛ ʍuoʔ ɳdʐøʔ jɛ/

/ndzɯɴ ŋgjɔˤ ɲɟɛʔ bʐɤʔ tɕuɴ tʰe mi ɟoˤɴ ʍuoʔ qʷʰɛɻ jɑɴ jɛ na qɑw dʐuʔ pʰjɤw jɛ/

Old Zlang
/zjɛɴ/ <Zyxn>

/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ ŋʷ ɴ/ <m n nh nr nk nw n>
/mb nd ɲɟ ŋg ŋgʷ/ <mb nd ngh ng ngw>
/b d ɟ g gʷ/ <b d gh g gw>
/p t c k kʷ q qʷ ʔ/ <p t c k kw q qw '>
/pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ kʷʰ qʰ qʷʰ/ <pp tt cc kk kkw qq qqw>
/mbʐ mbʑ ndz ɳdʐ ɲdʑ/ <mbr mbh ndz ndr ndh>
/bʐ bʑ dz dʐ dʑ/ <br bh dz dr dh>
/pʂ pɕ ts tʂ tɕ/ <pr ph ts tr th>
/pʂʰ pɕʰ tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ/ <ppr pph tts ttr tth>
/z ʐ ʑ/ <z r zh>
/ʍ s ʂ ɕ ɬ ç h/ <ww s rr sh ll yy h>
/ɻ l/ <lr l>
/ɻ̥/ <llr>
/w j/ <w y>

/i y ɯ u/ <i j v u>
/e ø ɤ o/ <e oe eo o>
/ɛ/ <x>
/a ɑ/ <a oa>

/ie yø ɯɤ uo/ <ie jo ve uo>

/eˤ øˤ ɤˤ oˤ/ <ir jr vr ur>
/ɛˤ œˤ ʌˤ ɔˤ/ <er oer eor or>
/æˤ/ <xr>
/ɑˤ/ <ar>

/iɛˤ yœˤ ɯʌˤ uɔˤ/ <ier jor ver uor>

Codas /ɴ ʔ h ɻ w j/ <n t h l w y>.

/cuh kɑ ŋgjaʔ ŋguh tʰjɤʔ huo pʂø mbjɛh dʑɛɴ tsʰɛj ŋjiɴ pʰjɤw jɛ na tsʰyj ɕow jɛ/
Cuh koa ngyat nguh ttyeot huo proe mbyxh dhxn ttsxy nkyin ppyeow yx na ttsjy show yx.

/cʰah qʷoɴ ɕɑʔ ʔiɴ pʰo jɛ na tsa jo ɟøʔ huo pʂøʔ jɛ ʍuoʔ ɳdʐøʔ jɛ/
Ccah qwon shoat 'in ppo yx na tsa yo ghoet huo proet yx fuot ndroet yx.

/ndzɯɴ ŋgjɔˤ ɲɟɛʔ bʐɤʔ tɕuɴ tʰe mi ɟoˤɴ ʍuoʔ qʷʰɛɻ jɑɴ jɛ na qɑw dʐuʔ pʰjɤw jɛ/
Ndzvn ngyor nghxt breot thun tte mi ghorn fuot qqwxl yoan yx na qoaw drut ppyeow yx.

/zjɛɴ/ <Zyaen>

/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ ŋʷ ɴ/ <m n nt ny nh nhw ng>
/mb nd ɲɟ ŋg ŋgʷ/ <mb nd nj ng ngw>
/b d ɟ g gʷ/ <b d j g gw>
/p t c k kʷ q qʷ ʔ/ <p t c k kw k' k'w '>
/pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ kʷʰ qʰ qʷʰ/ <ph th ch kh khw kh' kh'w>
/mbʐ mbʑ ndz ɳdʐ ɲdʑ/ <mbr mby nz nr ndy>
/bʐ bʑ dz dʐ dʑ/ <br by dz dr dy>
/pʂ pɕ ts tʂ tɕ/ <pr py ts tr ty>
/pʂʰ pɕʰ tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ/ <phr phy ths thr thy>
/z ʐ ʑ/ <z zh zhy>
/ʍ s ʂ ɕ ɬ ç h/ <wh s sh shy lh hy h>
/ɻ l/ <r l>
/ɻ̥/ <rh>
/w j/ <w y>

/i y ɯ u/ <i v ue u>
/e ø ɤ o/ <e oe eo o>
/ɛ/ <ae>
/a ɑ/ <a ao>

/ie yø ɯɤ uo/ <ie uoe euo uo>

/eˤ øˤ ɤˤ oˤ/ <:i :v :ue :u>
/ɛˤ œˤ ʌˤ ɔˤ/ <:e :oe :eo :o>
/æˤ/ <:ae>
/ɑˤ/ <:a>

/iɛˤ yœˤ ɯʌˤ uɔˤ/ <:ie :uoe :euo :uo>

/-j -w/ <-i -u>

Ambiguous clusters are disambiguated with an apostrophe. The pharyngealization colon is put before the whole syllable, not just before the vowel.

/cuh kɑ ŋgjaʔ ŋguh tʰjɤʔ huo pʂø mbjɛh dʑɛɴ tsʰɛj ŋjiɴ pʰjɤw jɛ na tsʰyj ɕow jɛ/
/cʰah qʷoɴ ɕɑʔ ʔiɴ pʰo jɛ na tsa jo ɟøʔ huo pʂøʔ jɛ ʍuoʔ ɳdʐøʔ jɛ/
/ndzɯɴ ŋgjɔˤ ɲɟɛʔ bʐɤʔ tɕuɴ tʰe mi ɟoˤɴ ʍuoʔ qʷʰɛɻ jɑɴ jɛ na qɑw dʐuʔ pʰjɤw jɛ/

Cuh kao ngya' nguh thyeu' huo pyoe mbyaeh dyaeng thsaei nhying ph'yeou yae na thsvi shyou yae.
Chah kh'wong shyao' 'ing pho yae na tsa yo joe' huo pyoe' yae whuo' nroe' yae.
Nzueng :ngyo njae' breo' tyung the mi :jun whuo' kh'waer yaong yea na k'aou dru' phyeou ye.

/zjɛɴ/ ⟨zyaŋ⟩

/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ ŋʷ ɴ/ ⟨m n nr ń ŋ ŋw⟩
/mb nd ɲɟ ŋg ŋgʷ/ ⟨mb nd ńj ŋg ŋgw⟩
/b d ɟ g gʷ/ ⟨b d j g gw⟩
/p t c k kʷ q qʷ ʔ/ ⟨p t c k kw q qw⟩
/pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ kʷʰ qʰ qʷʰ/ ⟨ph th ch kh kwh qh qwh⟩
/mbʐ mbʑ ndz ɳdʐ ɲdʑ/ ⟨mbr mbź ndz ndr ńdź⟩
/bʐ bʑ dz dʐ dʑ/ ⟨br bź dz dr dź⟩
/pʂ pɕ ts tʂ tɕ/ ⟨pr pś ts tr tś⟩
/pʂʰ pɕʰ tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ/ ⟨prh pśh tsh trh tśh⟩
/z ʐ ʑ/ ⟨z zr ź⟩
/ʍ s ʂ ɕ ɬ ç h/ ⟨hw s sr ś hl hy h⟩
/ɻ l/ ⟨r l⟩
/ɻ̥/ ⟨hr⟩
/w j/ ⟨w y⟩

/i y ɯ u/ ⟨i u i u⟩
/e ø ɤ o/ ⟨e o e o⟩
/ɛ/ ⟨a⟩
/a ɑ/ ⟨a a⟩

/ie yø ɯɤ uo/ ⟨ie uo ie uo⟩

/eˤ øˤ ɤˤ oˤ/ ⟨î û î û⟩
/ɛˤ œˤ ʌˤ ɔˤ/ ⟨ê ô ê ô⟩
/æˤ/ ⟨â⟩
/ɑˤ/ ⟨â⟩

/iɛˤ yœˤ ɯʌˤ uɔˤ/ ⟨îe ûo îe ûo⟩

Coda consonants:

/ɴ/ is ⟨m⟩ after central vowels, ⟨n⟩ after front vowels, and ⟨ŋ⟩ after back vowels.
/ʔ/ is ⟨p⟩ after central vowels, ⟨t⟩ after front vowels, and ⟨k⟩ after back vowels.
/h/ is ⟨s⟩ after front vowels, and ⟨h⟩ otherwise (note that it is never preceded by /ɑ/).
/ɻ/ is always preceded by a front vowel.
/w/ is always preceded by a back vowel.
/j/ is always preceded by a front vowel.
Rounded front vowels and /ɛ/ not followed by consonants are marked with an unpronounced following orthographic ⟨i⟩.
Unrounded back vowels not followed by consonants are marked with an unpronounced following orthographic ⟨u⟩.

Note that initial /ʔ/ is unmarked.

/cuh kɑ ŋgjaʔ ŋguh tʰjɤʔ huo pʂø mbjɛh dʑɛɴ tsʰɛj ŋjiɴ pʰjɤw jɛ na tsʰyj ɕow jɛ/
⟨Cuh ka ŋgyap ŋguh thyok huo proi mbyas dźan tshay ŋyin phyew yai na tshuy śow yai.⟩

/cʰah qʷoɴ ɕɑʔ ʔiɴ pʰo jɛ na tsa jo ɟøʔ huo pʂøʔ jɛ ʍuoʔ ɳdʐøʔ jɛ/
⟨Chah qwoŋ śak in pho yai na tsa yo jot huo prot yai hwuok ndrot yai.⟩

/ndzɯɴ ŋgjɔˤ ɲɟɛʔ bʐɤʔ tɕuɴ tʰe mi ɟoˤɴ ʍuoʔ qʷʰɛɻ jɑɴ jɛ na qɑw dʐuʔ pʰjɤw jɛ/
⟨Ndzeŋ ŋgyô ńjat brek tśuŋ the mi jôŋ hwuok qwhar yaŋ yai na qaw druk phyew yai.⟩

p t tʲ ʧ k ʔ <п т ть ч к ’>
tʰ <тх>
b d g <б д г>
m n nʲ ŋ <м н нь ң>
r <р>
f s sʲ ʃ x h <ф с сь ш х һ>
fʰ sʰ <фх сх>
v z (ɦ) <в з>
l ɺ j <л л̆ й>

i u e ɵ o ɛ a <и/ы у/ю ӭ/е ө/ё о/ё э/е a>

Breathy voice is marked with a hard sign after the vowel. If the whole foot is breathy, the second vowel is marked. The palatalized vowels are used after palatalized alveolars, and to indicate jV sequences. <ы> only occurs word-initially, after a palatalizable, but unpalatalized alveolar, and after a vowel, with <и> being used elsewhere.

/ahuvaʔɛ nʲasaʧuhugamɛ ʧɵgɵrɛŋaʔɛ || ʧɵgɵrɛsaʧuhuŋanɛkeŋe nʲanima̤gṳvaju || nʲaxua̤ra̤gamɛtʲɛkɛ sʲiritʲoŋguʔu sʲo̤rokodovaʔɛ tʲezimɵdɵŋaʔɛ nʲalɛmojibɛdakoju || ŋoɺɛvaŋluguŋanɛzavaʔɛ/
Аһува’э нясачуһугамэ чөгөрэңа’э. Чөгөрэ-сачуһуңанэкӭңӭ нянымагуъваю. Няхуараъгамэтекэ сиритёнгу’у сёрокодова’э тезимөдөңа’э нялэмоибэдакою. Ңол̆э-ваңлугуңанэзава’э.

/zjɛɴ/ Zyaen

/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ ŋʷ ɴ/ ⟨m n rn ń ŋ ŋw -n⟩
/mb nd ɲɟ ŋg ŋgʷ/ ⟨mb nd nj ng ngw⟩
/b d ɟ g gʷ/ ⟨b d j g gw⟩
/p t c k kʷ q qʷ ʔ/ ⟨p t c k kw q qw ∅/ʼ⟩
/pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ kʷʰ qʰ qʷʰ/ ⟨ph th ch kh kwh qh qwh⟩
/mbʐ mbʑ ndz ɳdʐ ɲdʑ/ ⟨mbrz mbź ndz ndrz ndź⟩
/bʐ bʑ dz dʐ dʑ/ ⟨brz bź dz drz dź⟩
/pʂ pɕ ts tʂ tɕ/ ⟨prs pś ts trs tś⟩
/pʂʰ pɕʰ tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ/ ⟨prsh pśh tsh trsh tśh⟩
/z ʐ ʑ/ ⟨z rz ź⟩
/ʍ s ʂ ɕ ɬ ç h/ ⟨wh s rs ś lh ý h⟩
/ɻ l/ ⟨r l⟩
/ɻ̥/ ⟨rh⟩
/w j/ ⟨w y⟩

/i y ɯ u/ ⟨i ue ɯ u⟩
/e ø ɤ o/ ⟨e oe ʌ o⟩
/ɛ/ ⟨ea⟩
/a ɑ/ ⟨a aa⟩

/ie yø ɯɤ uo/ ⟨ie ue io uo⟩

/eˤ øˤ ɤˤ oˤ/ ⟨ix uex ïx ux⟩
/ɛˤ œˤ ʌˤ ɔˤ/ ⟨ex oex ëx ox⟩
/æˤ/ ⟨ax⟩
/ɑˤ/ ⟨aax⟩

/iɛˤ yœˤ ɯʌˤ uɔˤ/ ⟨iex uex iox uox⟩

/cuh kɑ ŋgjaʔ ŋguh tʰjɤʔ huo pʂø mbjɛh dʑɛɴ tsʰɛj ŋjiɴ pʰjɤw jɛ na tsʰyj ɕow jɛ/

/cʰah qʷoɴ ɕɑʔ ʔiɴ pʰo jɛ na tsa jo ɟøʔ huo pʂøʔ jɛ ʍuoʔ ɳdʐøʔ jɛ/

/ndzɯɴ ŋgjɔˤ ɲɟɛʔ bʐɤʔ tɕuɴ tʰe mi ɟoˤɴ ʍuoʔ qʷʰɛɻ jɑɴ jɛ na qɑw dʐuʔ pʰjɤw jɛ/

Cuh kaa ngyaʼ nguh thyʌʼ huo prsoe mbyeah dźean tsheay ŋyin phyʌw yea na tshuey śow yea.
Chah qwon śaaʼ in pho yea na tsa yo joeʼ huo prsoeʼ yea whuoʼ ndrzoeʼ yea.
Ndzɯn ngyox njeaʼ brzʌʔ tśun the mi juxn whuoʼ qwhear yaan yea na qaaw drzuʼ phyʌw yea.

Sallaeh

/p t tʲ ʧ k ʔ/ <p t te~ti ch k 0>
/tʰ/ <tʼ>
/b d g/ <b d g>
/m n nʲ ŋ/ <m n ne~ni ng>
/r/ <rr>
/f s sʲ ʃ x h/ <f s se~si sh gh h>
/fʰ sʰ/ <fʼ sʼ>
/v z (ɦ)/ <v z h>
/l ɺ j/ <l r y~i>

/i u e ɵ o ɛ a/ <i~e oo a uCC o eCC aCC>
Breathy voice: <Vh>
/i/ <iCC> except <eC> when adjacent to a palatal; /ajV/ <iV>

/ahuvaʔɛ nʲasaʧuhugamɛ ʧɵgɵrɛŋaʔɛ || ʧɵgɵrɛsaʧuhuŋanɛkeŋe nʲanima̤gṳvaju || nʲaxua̤ra̤gamɛtʲɛkɛ sʲiritʲoŋguʔu sʲo̤rokodovaʔɛ tʲezimɵdɵŋaʔɛ nʲalɛmojibɛdakoju || ŋoɺɛvaŋluguŋanɛzavaʔɛ/

Ahȣvaeh neassachȣhȣgamme chuggurengaeh. Chugguressatchȣhȣnganneckanga niannimmahgȣhviȣ. Neaghȣahrahgametiecke sereteonggȣȣ seohrokodovaeh tiazimmuddungaeh neallemmoibeddackoiȣ. Ngorevvanglȣgȣngannezzavaeh.

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/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ ŋʷ ɴ/ <m n nr ny ŋ ŋw nq>
/mb nd ɲɟ ŋg ŋgʷ/ <mb nd ngy ŋg ŋgw>
/b d ɟ g gʷ/ <b d gy g gu>
/p t c k kʷ q qʷ ʔ/ <p t ky k kw q qw '>
/pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ kʷʰ qʰ qʷʰ/ <ph th khy kh khw qh qhw>
/mbʐ mbʑ ndz ɳdʐ ɲdʑ/ <mbr mby ndz ndr ndy>
/bʐ bʑ dz dʐ dʑ/ <br by dz dr dy>
/pʂ pɕ ts tʂ tɕ/ <pr py ts tr tj>
/pʂʰ pɕʰ tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ/ <phr phy tsh trh thy>
/z ʐ ʑ/ <z zr zy>
/ʍ s ʂ ɕ ɬ ç h/ <hw s sr sy hl hy h>
/ɻ l/ <r l>
/ɻ̥/ <hr>
/w j/ <w y/i>

/i y ɯ u/ <i ud ig u>
/e ø ɤ o/ <e od eg o>
/ɛ/ <ad>
/a ɑ/ <a/aa ag>

/ie yø ɯɤ uo/ <ê ôd êg ô>

/eˤ øˤ ɤˤ oˤ/ <è..>

All native words are monosyllabic, and all syllables have the structure of C(j)V({ɴ,ʔ,h,ɻ,w,j}).

/ɴ ʔ h/ <n/ŋ t/k s/h>

Note that the only nasal that can end a syllable is /ɴ/, which also never appears in the syllable onset. Also note that the only stop that can end a syllable is /ʔ/. Also note that only front vowels may precede /ɻ/ and /j/, and only back vowels may precede /w/.

/cuh kɑ ŋgjaʔ ŋguh tʰjɤʔ huo pʂø mbjɛh dʑɛɴ tsʰɛj ŋjiɴ pʰjɤw jɛ na tsʰyj ɕow jɛ/
Kyuh kag ŋguh thêk huo prod mbias dyan tshai ngyin phiew yad na tshui syow yad.

/cʰah qʷoɴ ɕɑʔ ʔiɴ pʰo jɛ na tsa jo ɟøʔ huo pʂøʔ jɛ ʍuoʔ ɳdʐøʔ jɛ/
Kyaah qwoŋ syak in pho yad na tsa yo gyot hô prot yad hwôk ndrot yad.

/ndzɯɴ ŋgjɔˤ ɲɟɛʔ bʐɤʔ tɕuɴ tʰe mi ɟoˤɴ ʍuoʔ qʷʰɛɻ jɑɴ jɛ na qɑw dʐuʔ pʰjɤw jɛ/
Ndziŋ ŋgiò ŋgyad brek tyuŋ the mi gyùng hwôk qhwar yaŋ na qaw druk phiew yad.

Proto Eastern Human
*b *d *dʒ *g *ɢ *ɢʷ
*p *t *tʃ *k *q *qʷ
*f *s *ʃ *x *ɣ
*r *l *ʎ
*w *j
*m *n *ɲ *ŋ

*i *u
*e *o
*a
No length distinction but pitch accent (unaccented vs high tone on any syllable was seen)

Maximally CCVCC syllable structure

*qassa “eagle”
*qans- “bird”
*ɢʷale “weasel/stoat”
*niks- “fox/tail”
*saltʃa “salt”
*tʃamen “rabbit”
*l[ú/ó][p/qʷ]o “wolf” probably just *lúpo (but the inconsistencies make *lā́gʷa and *duku work)
*qá(n)no “dog”
*biʃin “she dog”
*ɢello “soul”
*kaspa “to turn”
*oxi “ox”
*talpin “to pin”
*andra “man”
*mésta(n/m) “woman”
*kúrro “spear/weapon”
*lúɣi “luck”
*nag- “power/powerful/great”
*dʒedaki “god/spirit/dragon”
*fulá “full”
*brandí “alcohol”
*mort- “death/to die/end”
*tólna “sun”
*kaddó “horse”
*belt- “ruler/to rule/master”
*ketém “wind/augury”
*borda- “to whip”
*mórda “bad”
*bruwen “bear”
*jons- “sky/dawn”
*ɣáts “oats/wheat/grain”
*baŋa “to make noise”
*kuldop “cattle/wealth”
*natsí “friend”
*telfén “graceful”
*bittá “to drink/to imbibe sacred substances”
*dikmá “spider”
*lijos “lightning”
*bel- “person/home”
*temó “to annoy”
*skalstá “song”
*ráʃʃi “fire”
*ɲord- “river”
*ʎantá “beautiful”

foxcatdog wrote: ↑Fri Sep 01, 2023 10:42 pm *natsí “friend”

I call this the most misfortunately chosen conlang word I've ever seen.

WeepingElf wrote: ↑Sat Sep 02, 2023 5:10 am

foxcatdog wrote: ↑Fri Sep 01, 2023 10:42 pm *natsí “friend”

I call this the most misfortunately chosen conlang word I've ever seen.

hey, at least the stress is on the other syllable! nice catch lol

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/m n ɲ ŋ/ m n ni ṅ/nh
/p b t d tʃ dʒ k g q ɢ qʷ ɢʷ/ p b t d ti di k g q ġ/gh qu gu
/f s ʃ x ɣ/ f s si h j
/r l ʎ/ r l li
/w j/ w y

is a three way contrast between /q/, /g/, and /ɢ/ possible? especially alongside /ɣ/ and uvulo-labials.

/a e i o u/ a e i o u
pitch accent is an acute accent
<u> before a vowel blocks the palatalization of <i> digraphs.

yeah, quite a few of these are from natlang words i recognize, which i always think is an endearing touch.

qassa “eagle”
qans- “bird”
ġuale “weasel/ stoat”

niks- “fox/ tail”
is your realname "Nick"? or does it refer to foxcatdog being your screenname?

saltsia “salt”
tiamen “rabbit”

*l[ú/ó][p/qʷ]o “wolf” probably just *lúpo (but the inconsistencies make *lā́gʷa and *duku work)
no idea what the note means, you have to understand we go into these threads with no other info about your conlang.

qá(n)no “dog”
from Latin canus.

bisin “she dog”
from "bitch" right?

ġello “soul”
kaspa “to turn”

ohi “ox”
talpin “to pin”
orthographic borrowing of "ox" and "to pin" with an l shoved in there.

andra “man”
undoubtedly from Greek ǎnḗr

mésta(n/m) “woman”
kúrro “spear/weapon”
lúji “luck”
nag- “power/powerful/great”
diedaki “god/spirit/dragon”

fulá “full”
brandí “alcohol”
mort- “death/to die/end”
these three absolutely came from full, brandy, and Latin mors; respectively.

tólna “sun”
kaddó “horse”
belt- “ruler/to rule/master”
ketém “wind/augury”
borda- “to whip”

mórda “bad”
from murder?

bruwen “bear”
from bruin?

yons- “sky/dawn”
játs “oats/wheat/grain”

baṅa “to make noise”
hehe "banger"

kuldop “cattle/wealth”
natsuí “friend”
telfén “graceful”

bittá “to drink/to imbibe sacred substances”
a stretch, but is this from bitte schön?

duikmá “spider”
the meaning is different, but the word looks almost exactly like proto-Indoeuropean for 10.

luiyos “lightning”
bel- “person/home”
temó “to annoy”
skalstá “song”
rássi “fire”
niord- “river”
liantá “beautiful”