I've used IPA for modern examples because Daniels always provides a one-to-one key. Also I've removed the ambiguity between voiced and prenasalised stops, which Daniels acknowledges is ambiguous in the source. I know it doesn't hold true to the original source but since it's explicitly discussed I think it should be ok.
The source is a good one; it's laid out clearly and always notes non-IPA usage so it's a clear 3 stars for transcription. Ordering is generally discussed when relevant, although sometimes changes which don't affect an entire branch are listed in the protolanguage section. Exhaustivity is as good as can be expected. Detail is usually good but often just ends up being "sporadic".
Source: Daniels, D. R. "A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram: Phonology, Lexicon, and Morphosyntax". Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara. 2015.
Transcribed by: Darren
Reviewed by: (none)
Ordering ★★☆
Exhaustivity ★☆☆
Detail ★☆☆
Consensus ★★★
Transcription ★★★
Proto-Sogeram inventory:
Consonants:
| *p | *t | *k | *kw | |
| *m | *n | *ñ | *ŋ | |
| *v | *s | |||
| *r |
Vowels:
| *i | *u | |
| *ɨ | ||
| *a |
Suprasegmantals:
- "Stress [...] was probably [...] word-final in PSog."
Non-IPA correspondences:
| Symbol | Likely IPA | Notes |
| *kw | [kʷ] | |
| *v | [ɸ~β] | "*[ɸ] word-initially and *[β] elsewhere" |
| *ñ | [ɲ] | |
| *i | [i~j] | "When *ia and *ua were not preceded by a consonant, the first vowel was realized as a consonant, *[j] or *[w]." |
| *u | [u~w] | "When *ia and *ua were not preceded by a consonant, the first vowel was realized as a consonant, *[j] or *[w]." |
| *h | [ɣ] | Not in Proto-Sogeram itself |
1. Proto-Sogeram to Proto-West Sogeram
*v → *w ("it is unclear whether that change happened in PWS or only in Nend")
*{p t k kʷ m n ŋ v s r) → *Ø /#_$
*ñ → ñ, n /#_ ("in one [dialect of Proto-West Sogeram], initial *ñ was simply retained [...] in the other, initial *ñ became *n at the same time as the loss of initial consonants")
*ki → *c /_#
1.1. Proto-West Sogeram to Man
*N → Ø /_P (when homorganic)
*ñk → c
*k kw → h /V_V ("sporadic")
*a → ɨ ("occasionally [...] in the middle of a longer word")
*a → Ø /V{s m n ñ ŋ r}_#
*a → ɨ /#C_#
*a → ɨ /{p t k kʷ}_#
*m n ɲ ŋ → ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg /_V !_VN#
*ŋ → ɣ /_# (ordering with previous change indeterminate)
*i u → ʒ β /#_a ("not completely regular")
1.2 Proto-West Sogeram to Nend
*s → tʃ /_i
*s → z ("apparently irregular [...] primarily in the Northern dialect")
*p t k kʷ → β ɾ ɣ ɣʷ /V_(r)V !_ɨ ("this change was sporadic, and sometimes plosives did not voice even though they occurred in the triggering environment")
*mp nt ŋk ŋkʷ → ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg ᵑgʷ /V_V !_ɨ ("this change was sporadic, and sometimes plosives did not voice even though they occurred in the triggering environment")
*i → Ø /C_#
*n → r /_# !NV_ ("reflected fairly consistently")
*a → Ø /#_ ("sporadic [...] appears to have been quite infrequent")
*i u → e o /_Ca ("sporadic [...] more common in the north, but [...] not fully regular anywhere")
*v → w
2. Proto-Sogeram to Proto-Central Sogeram
*mp nt ŋk ŋkʷ ns → *ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg ᵑgʷ ⁿz /V_(r)V
*N{p t k kʷ s} → *Nɨ{ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg ᵑgʷ ⁿz}
*kʷɨ kʷ → *ku
*kua → *ku ("sometimes")
*kʷ → *kw
*mp nt ŋk → *ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg /V_V
*p t k → *β r ɣ /r_
*p t k → *β r ɣ /_r !#_
*k → *ɣ /_w
*i a → *ɨ /C_C.CV# ("open penults were apparently unaffected")
*wV → *u
*(ɨ)N → Ø /$_# (not in "short monosyllables", did not occur in Apalɨ; in Manat "primarily affected the non-labial nasals [...] while *m was usually retained")
*u → *v /#_a (except in Apalɨ; distinct from original *v which was voiceless)
*ua → *ɨva /V_V
2.1 Proto-Central Sogeram to Manat
*p t k → β ɾ ɣ /#_
*C → Ø /#_ ("sporadic" and likely from "intense contact with Nend")
*uC → Cw /#_ ("sometimes [...] may have been a regular process when the vowel was *ɨ")
*u → Ø /#_ ("appears to be currently undergoing")
2.2 Proto-South Central Sogeram to Apalɨ
*p t k → β ɾ ɣ /#_
*añ ɨñ → an in
*ñ → n
*N → ŋ /_# ("occasionally left the nasals *m and *n unaffected")
*Ø → ŋ /_# (sporadic, "presumably by analogy")
*k ᵑg → tʃ ⁿdʒ /_i
*s → tʃ /_{i ɨ} ("with much less regularity" and "common, although not universal" in forms that "also contained other palatal consonants")
*Ø → ɨ /C_C
*Ø → ɨ /C[–nasal]_# ("sometimes, the paragogic vowel was i instead of ɨ, although this was not very common")
*p t k → β ɾ ɣ /V_V (confined to Akɨ dialect, removing all instances of voiceless stops outside of borrowings)
*v → f ("inter-dialect borrowing as well as irregular phonetic change")
*ai → e !_V
*ⁿz → ⁿdʒ
2.3 Proto-Central Sogeram to Proto-North Central Sogeram
*v → *p /#_
*v → *u, v /_#
*au → *av (sometimes causing epenthesis of u or ɨ)
*ɨr → *Ø /N_#
*r → *Ø /_#
*i → *Ø /#_, _# ("many instances" although "irregular")
*p t k → *v r h /V_V ("sporadic [...] it seems likely that this sound change originated in Akɨ [dialect of Apalɨ] and spread irregularly through the speech community that was a parent to Acɨ, Mum and Sirva")
2.3.1 Proto-North Central Sogeram to Mum
*{k g h} {u} → {kʷ gʷ ɣʷ} (ɨ) /_#
*i ia → ɲi ɲa /#_{N ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg} (possibly through intermediate *jɨ)
*V → ɨ /C_$# ("sporadic")
2.3.2 Proto-North Central Sogeram to Sirva
*ai → e
*au → o ("sometimes")
*ɨ → i /_C(C)i ("often")
*ɨ → u /_C(C)u ("often")
*i u → ja wa /#_ ("this change was not fully regular")
*h → Ø /ɨ_i
3. Proto-Sogeram to Proto-East Sogeram
*mp nt ŋk ŋkʷ → *ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg ᵑgʷ ("it is unclear how this change affected *ns")
*p t k → *Ø /N_ (when not homorganic)
*i u → *e o /C_# (in Kursav and Gants only, "this change also appears to have preceded word-final nasal delection")
*N → *Ø /_# ("only affected the Aisi languages and Kursav; Gants only underwent sporadic word-final *m-loss")
*ɨ → *i /_C(C)i
*ɨ → *u /_C(C)u ("less regular" than the previous change, "Gants, in particular, usually did not participate in these changes")
*i u → *e o /C_C(C)a (Kursav and Gants only)
*u → *wa /#_C(C)a (Kursav and Gants only)
3.1 Proto-East Sogeram to Proto-Aisi
*N → *ŋ /_# ("sporadic")
*i → *ɨ /{p t k kʷ}_#
*i → *Ø /_#
*i → *ɨ /#C_# (uncertain")
*ᵐb ⁿd ᵑg ᵑgʷ → *b d g gʷ ("merging [Proto-Eastern Sogeram] *b and *v in non-initial position")
*r → *Ø /V_k, ŋ_
*a → *ɨ /_#
*ai au → *e u
*ñ → *n (merger with *n [...] often happened with raising of adjacent vowels")
3.1.1 Proto-Aisi to Aisi Magɨ
*v → b /#_
*r → i /_# (in "a couple [of] examples")
3.1.2 Proto-Aisi to Aisi Mabɨŋ
*i u → e o /_C(C)ɨ ("appears to be a consistent change")
*i u → e o /aC(C)_, _C(C)a
*i u → e o /_# ("occasionally")
*akʷ agʷ → ok og
*kʷa → ko (in one example)
*d → r !#_ (merging with *r to form a phoneme /d/ with non-initial allophone [ɾ])
*vɨ → u /#_
*v → u /#_C
*v → w /_V
3.2 Proto-East Sogeram to Kursav
*ŋr → ɣr (in one example)
*t → r /#_ ("in most cases" and "follow[ing] the creation of inaliable possession prefixes for body parts")
*e → a ("some instances")
*ɨñ → in ("may have extended back to preceding syllables)
*ñ → n ("may have also sometimes affected a following vowel")
*u → wa /#_ ("may not have been fully regular")
3.4 Proto-East Sogeram to Gants
*ŋk ns → j /_i ("problematic")
*t → r /V_ ("eliminated the distinction between [Proto-Eastern Sogeram] *t and *r")
*v → p /%_ (with common fricated allophones)
*v → u, o /_%
*r → i /_#, V_C (merging with preceding *i ɨ; "does not appear to have been fully regular")