Common Diachronics
Posted: Thu Feb 06, 2020 7:04 pm
I've crossposted this topic for the Runepath roleplay setting's main language, the name of which loosely translated as Common, on the CBB. After an experience with a similar topic, in which I dumped everything on them at once, I'm posting one stage at a time, starting with the protolang.
Is the bit about [*ɜ] deleting below phonotactical or morphophonological?
kcüNqaulnêlthöïhë [k̩sʊ.ŋɑ̃ũ̯l.ɖɜlˈtʰɔɪ̯.ħɛ] (Proto-Common)
Phonology
Simple consonants
/p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ ʔ/ <p ph t th k kh q>
/p͡r̥ t͡r̥ k͡r̥/ <pr tr kr>
/s ʝ ħ/ <c j h>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ñ>
/ɾ ʎ̥/ <r l>
Consonant clusters
[pʝ tʝ ks kʝ mʔ nʔ ŋʔ] <pj tj kc kj mq nq ñq>
Vowels
/æ ɑ e ɛ ɜ i ɪ o ɔ u ʊ y/ <a ä e ë ê i ï o ö u ü y>
/ɑɪ̯ ɑu̯ ɔɪ̯/ <aï au öï>
Allophony
[r] of [ɾ] after [p t k]
[ɽ̊͡r̥] of [ɾ] between [p t k] and [ɜ]
[ʈ ɳ ɽ k͡ɽ̊͡r̥ p͡ɽ̊͡r̥ t͡ɽ̊͡r̥] of [t n ɾ k͡r̥ p͡r̥ t͡r̥] before [ɜ]
[ɑ̃ ɑ͠ɪ̯ ɑ͠ʊ̯ æ̃ ẽ ɛ̃ ĩ ɪ̃ õ ɔ̃ ɔ͠ɪ̯ ũ ʊ̃ ỹ] of [ɑ ɑɪ̯ ɑu̯ æ e ɛ i ɪ o ɔ ɔɪ̯ u ʊ y] after [m n ŋ]
Other notes
[ks pʝ tʝ kʝ mʔ nʔ ŋʔ] are better-analyzed as clusters because vowels can be transfixed between the components
[æ] is IPA [a]
Phonotactics
Free word order with XSV as default
(C1C2)V(NC3) syllables
—all but [r̥ ɽ̊͡r̥] as (C1), [ʔ s ʝ r̥ ɽ̊͡r̥] as (C2), [m n ŋ] for (N), [ʔ] as (C3) only after (N)
[ɜ] deletes adjacent to other vowels. When between [t t͡r̥ p͡r̥ k͡r̥ r] and another vowel, it results in [ʈ p͡ɽ̊͡r̥ ʈ͡ɽ̊͡r̥ k͡ɽ̊͡r̥ ɽ] preceding that vowel.
Stress is on the next-to-last syllable.
Root structure
Most, but not all, words derived roots of two-to-four vowels that include syllable-final [ɾ ʎ̥] in the vowel
Roots can be compounded. For example, the root meaning "ground/earth", ɑu̯l-ɜ, combines with the one relating to language, ɜ-ɔɪ̯-ɛ, to form the one relating to Common, itself—ɑu̯l-ɜl-ɔɪ̯-ɛ.
Is the bit about [*ɜ] deleting below phonotactical or morphophonological?
kcüNqaulnêlthöïhë [k̩sʊ.ŋɑ̃ũ̯l.ɖɜlˈtʰɔɪ̯.ħɛ] (Proto-Common)
Phonology
Simple consonants
/p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ ʔ/ <p ph t th k kh q>
/p͡r̥ t͡r̥ k͡r̥/ <pr tr kr>
/s ʝ ħ/ <c j h>
/m n ŋ/ <m n ñ>
/ɾ ʎ̥/ <r l>
Consonant clusters
[pʝ tʝ ks kʝ mʔ nʔ ŋʔ] <pj tj kc kj mq nq ñq>
Vowels
/æ ɑ e ɛ ɜ i ɪ o ɔ u ʊ y/ <a ä e ë ê i ï o ö u ü y>
/ɑɪ̯ ɑu̯ ɔɪ̯/ <aï au öï>
Allophony
[r] of [ɾ] after [p t k]
[ɽ̊͡r̥] of [ɾ] between [p t k] and [ɜ]
[ʈ ɳ ɽ k͡ɽ̊͡r̥ p͡ɽ̊͡r̥ t͡ɽ̊͡r̥] of [t n ɾ k͡r̥ p͡r̥ t͡r̥] before [ɜ]
[ɑ̃ ɑ͠ɪ̯ ɑ͠ʊ̯ æ̃ ẽ ɛ̃ ĩ ɪ̃ õ ɔ̃ ɔ͠ɪ̯ ũ ʊ̃ ỹ] of [ɑ ɑɪ̯ ɑu̯ æ e ɛ i ɪ o ɔ ɔɪ̯ u ʊ y] after [m n ŋ]
Other notes
[ks pʝ tʝ kʝ mʔ nʔ ŋʔ] are better-analyzed as clusters because vowels can be transfixed between the components
[æ] is IPA [a]
Phonotactics
Free word order with XSV as default
(C1C2)V(NC3) syllables
—all but [r̥ ɽ̊͡r̥] as (C1), [ʔ s ʝ r̥ ɽ̊͡r̥] as (C2), [m n ŋ] for (N), [ʔ] as (C3) only after (N)
[ɜ] deletes adjacent to other vowels. When between [t t͡r̥ p͡r̥ k͡r̥ r] and another vowel, it results in [ʈ p͡ɽ̊͡r̥ ʈ͡ɽ̊͡r̥ k͡ɽ̊͡r̥ ɽ] preceding that vowel.
Stress is on the next-to-last syllable.
Root structure
Most, but not all, words derived roots of two-to-four vowels that include syllable-final [ɾ ʎ̥] in the vowel
Roots can be compounded. For example, the root meaning "ground/earth", ɑu̯l-ɜ, combines with the one relating to language, ɜ-ɔɪ̯-ɛ, to form the one relating to Common, itself—ɑu̯l-ɜl-ɔɪ̯-ɛ.