Lexember 2025

[Lērisama]

3^rd Lex

空腹ンカゥ　　　　　　Rāeçahlāg
ラ̞イーシャハゥランカゥ　/ɾɔːəsʲahlɔːɣ/
A month of the Lēri Ziwi religious calendar, corresponding to June to August

Etymology:
From the PPS *ëδajīθjaχërānkë ‘we are hungry’ from the verb *ëδajīθjaχëra ‘to hunger’, from *ëδajī ‘to be empty’ and the verbal suffix -θjaχër- ‘(with the) stomach, bowels, gut’

Bonus words:
空　　　　Rāeh, Rāeha, Rāehiver, Rāehivir
ライーハ　/ɾɔːəh/ etc.

• To be empty (of sth.)
• To lack (sth.)
• To be missing (sth.), to lose (sth.), to be lost

Note: this is one of the very few true ambitransitive verbs in LZ; almost all others require explicit (de)transitivising morphology. It is also quite rare outside of derived forms, as Lēri Ziwi speakers like verbal directionals, and this a prime verb for this

Etymology:
From PPS *ëδajīha ‘to lose sth.’

腹　　　　　Çahel
シャハㇻゥ　/sʲahəl/

• Stomach, bowels, gut
• (Metonymically) Emotions

Note:
LZ speakers consider the gut the seat of emotion, although the virtues English speakers tend to assign to the gut tend to be assigned to the heart instead

Etymology:
From PPS *θjaχërë ‘stomach, bowels, gut’

人腹ゐ　　　　Hen Çahlui
シャハㇻゥヰ　/hən sʲahlʊɪ/

• An emotional person
• An unreliable person

Note:
‘gutsy’ is not a compliment here

Edit: forgot a sound change. Also bonus words for today çīh & çāhuh ‘to be above, to precede (in time)’ & ‘to be below, to follow (in time)’ respectively, from sih ‘to stand’ + verbal directionals. Too late for inflected forms or kanji, sorry.

[Travis B.]

Lexember 3rd

pfv. t'awk /tʼɑwk/ [ˈt̪ʼɔːk], ipfv. t'ewk /tʼæwk/ [ˈt̪ʼæwk], imp. ut'awk /utʼɑwk/ [oˈt̪ʼɔːk] 'forget'
pfv. quun /quːn/ [quːn], ipfv. qaan /qɑːn/ [qɑːn], imp. aqun /ɑqun/ [ɐqun] 'drop', 'release'
pfv. zawa /zɑwɑ/ [ˈzɑwɐ], ipfv. zewa /zæwɑ/ [ˈʒæwɐ], ipfv. uzaw /uzɑw/ [oˈzɔː] 'throw', 'toss'
pfv. nufa /nufɑ/ [ˈnuɸɐ], ipfv. nafa /nɑfɑ/ [ˈnɑɸɐ], imp. anuf /ɑnuf/ [ɐˈnuf] 'forgive'
pfv. ninn /ninn/ [ɲinː], ipfv. nenn /nænn/ [ɲænː], imp. anin /ɑˈnin/ [ɐˈɲin] 'apologize', 'ask for forgiveness'
pfv. kumma /kummɑ/ [ˈkumːɐ], ipfv. kimma /ˈkimmɑ/ [ˈcimːɐ], imp. akumm /ɑkumm/ [ɐˈkumː] 'make excuses', 'argue in defense'

[/ˌnɐ.ˈɾɛn.dɚ.ˌduːd/]

Lexember day 3

December is upon us already, as I'm just finding out right now. Things have been quite busy for me the past few days, so I haven't been keeping track of the time. Hence, here's my word for today, in Punsegë:

Kenrēmasiz
/kẽɾẽːmãsĩz/

• to lose track of time.

gerund that, and you get this:

Kenrēmasisēğ
/kẽɾẽːmãsĩsẽːɣ/

• the disoriented feeling one gets when time seems to skip a beat.

due to the fact that I missed the first two days of this month, I might say 'Tey mōnngkerēmasiz, kanem tey kenrēmasisēğ onnane,' which doesn't translate very well but would be something like 'I lost track of time, so now I feel like time has skipped a beat.'

[Lērisama]

4^th Lex

トㇿー　　Þūl, Þūlwi
トーラゥ　/θuːl/
The second day of the month in the Lēri Ziwi religious calendar

Etymology:
From the PPS *θërū of unknown meaning

[äreo]

I've decided to participate in the CBB Lexember as well, but I'll just post words for our ZBB one on here.

Lexember 2 & 3 & 4 & 5:

záat
[ˈzoːat]
"what one goes through"; a personal season, a specific period or movement in one's life or that of a group; passive participle of záa (to exist, be there (of animates), from *jaara)

direct singular: záat
direct plural: záanda [ˈzoːanda]
genitive singular: záande [ˈzoːandɛ]
partitive/genitive plural: záate [ˈzoːatɛ]
dative/locative: záatis [ˈzoːatɪs]

laura
[ˈlawɾa]
leisure, free time, freedom; lexicalized plural of laps affordance, discretion, from *lapusu or *lampusu, perhaps "provision" and related to *lambre "bread" (Msérsca labre, lambre)

direct singular: laura
direct plural (rare): laure [ˈlawɾɛ]
genitive singular: laure [ˈlawɾɛ]
partitive/genitive plural: laurane [ˈlawɾanɛ]
dative/locative: lauras [ˈlawɾas]

sívi
[ˈsiːvɪ]
to pass something, pass by, pass over; from *siipi, likely a variant of *siimi to reap, mow (Msérsca sími to hear, glean, come to understand; passive símitte retains the meaning "to be reaped"); related to sívea meadow; thus sívineax atton passed pawn in chess

mus
[mʏs]
relish, delight; pleasant taste or smell; (especially in the plural) attractive features, erogenous zones; from *musi delicacy, full meal; related to muscea fish (*musi + *kau, perhaps a diminutive), and, Msérsca grammarians insist, to mossa fresh

direct singular: mus
direct plural: muri [ˈmʏɾɪ]
genitive singular: muri [ˈmʏɾɪ]
partitive/genitive plural: musse [ˈmʏsːɛ]
dative/locative: mussis [ˈmʏsːɪs]

[Travis B.]

Lexember 4th and 5th

(I missed Lexember 4th before.)

q'awwa /qʼɑwwɑ/ [ˈqʼɔːwɐ] f. anim. 'season', 'period of something's life'
haari /hɑːri/ [ˈhɑːɾe] f. anim. 'winter'
suhha /suhhɑ/ [ˈsuħːɐ] f. anim. 'spring'
fiqa /fiqɑ/ [ˈfeqɐ] f. anim. 'summer'
dekr /dækr/ [ˈdzækr] f. anim. 'fall/autumn'

[Lērisama]

5^th Lex

ピーたむ　　pētam
ピータマゥ　/pɛːtam/

• Sth. notable, sth. unusual
• Sth. uncanny, sth. worrying, esp in a way involving slow moving dread
• Ghost stories, Gothic-ish horror or a book genre that attempts to cause definition 2
• A person that fits any of the above descriptions

PPS *pëjihtamë, from *pujīχa ‘to fear’ + -tamë

[Man in Space]

I am behind, so here we go.

Lexember 3

Culture and the Unusual

Çuvvaccoçim

Like Guugu Yimidhirr, Çuvvaccoçim tends not to use egocentric location. Unllike Guugu Yimidhirr, the location function is not geocentric/cardinally direct. Rather, the original way to talk about directions was heliocentric; the directionals refer to the position of Xi Boötis A at the time of the utterance. The following diagram makes this easier:



Red is sunward, blue is the mobile counterclockwise, and green is the ground counterclockwise.

	0°	90° mobile	90° ground
Sunwise	vgÿok	jaǵ	ngbaoc
Antisunwise	wökwok	ïmvor	jaýgëgl

These are not always, strictly speaking, straight up; the basis is the summer equinox. There are 45° offsets (prefixed with jmurë- ‘winter’).

Rocks, Minerals, Geology

Çuvvaccoçim

çajkoe ‘coarse sand’
eyejkagl ‘fine sand’
vaglb ‘sea sand’
ïvvicob ‘riverine sand’

[Man in Space]

Lexember 4

Culture and the Unusual

Kgáweq’

ts’ú’ts’ây /ˈts’uʔts’əj/ ‘portable table, shelf, or platform carried around while going out’

The ts’ú’ts’ây is a social thing. You carry one basically as an EDC (everyday carry). A lot of them can be compacted or telescoped. The stereotypical use case is for smoking dens, though they are often employed elsewhere. The table-type form is the classical exemplar, though a forearm-mounted “dashboard” is also popular.

Rocks, Minerals, Geology

Kgáweq’

déél /ˈdeᵊl/ ‘bauxite’
kgałtét’ /kxaɬˈtet’/ ‘river delta’
qną̂́ys /ˈqnə̰js/ ‘amethyst’
tlóyor /ˈtlojoʕ/ ‘water table, aquifer’
’wargále /ʔwaʕˈgale/ ‘gulch’

[Man in Space]

Lexember 5

Culture and the Unusual

Common Caber

bduvtriqe ‘(legal) precedent, historical jurisprudence, prior art’ (bduvtri ‘to judge, to discern’ + -qe ‘illimitable pattern of action’)
ŭbnŏgdu ‘outlaw, exile, deportee, persona non grata; refuse, rejects (esp. due to defects or pest/plant control’ (ŭ- NONPAST CIRCUMSTANTIAL PARTICIPLE + bnŏgdu ‘to exclude, to get rid of, to weed out, to remove via a process or trial’)
sŭqinre ‘courthouse, administrative building’ (sŭqin ‘decide’ + -re LOCATIVE)
ŭfhur ‘taint, familial guilt passed onto offspring, black mark against one’s descendants due to the transgressions of their forebears’ (ŭf- CHARACTERISTIC SUBSTANCE + hur ’influence s.o. in a bad way, to corrupt s.o.)

Rocks, Minerals, Geology

Common Caber

rŭq ‘salt deposit’
tagirun ‘ruby’

[Man in Space]

Lexember 6

Culture and the Unusual/Rocks, Minerals, Geology (two with one stroke)

Kgáweq’

Noun class XV is a collective/singulative, the former being the default reading, for raw materials or substances. In this way it can be used to lexicalize minerals, substances, and stones that have the referenced property.

qu’âkgį́sât

qo’a-

N.XV.COLL

kgį́sât

blue

’lapis lazuli’

qo’anósto’

qo’a-

N.XV.COLL

nósto’

mica

‘mica’

The etymology on this one is super interesting (well, at least to me)—it appears to be an atomic root nósto’ specifically for the referent at first. Etymologically, though, this is ultimately related to, and kind of a doublet of, rósto’ ‘white’. The consonant that became the initial r- in rósto’ had five or six different reflexes in different environments, and the intervocalic reflex was -n-; long story short, there was a reänalysis somewhere.

[äreo]

qu’âkgį́sât

qo’a-

N.XV.COLL

kgį́sât

blue

’lapis lazuli’

qo’anósto’

qo’a-

N.XV.COLL

nósto’

mica

‘mica’

The etymology on this one is super interesting (well, at least to me)—it appears to be an atomic root nósto’ specifically for the referent at first. Etymologically, though, this is ultimately related to, and kind of a doublet of, rósto’ ‘white’. The consonant that became the initial r- in rósto’ had five or six different reflexes in different environments, and the intervocalic reflex was -n-; long story short, there was a reänalysis somewhere.

I like this kind of thing! And the diaeresis in reänalysis.

[Travis B.]

Lexember 6th and 7th

xaard /χɑːrd/ [χɑːrd̪] m. inan. 'bread'
tiist /tiːst/ [tsiːst̪] m. inan. 'unleavened flatbread', 'cracker'
lawwa /lɑwwɑ/ [ˈlɔːwɐ] m. inan. 'flour'
sanna /sɑnnɑ/ [ˈsɑnːɐ] m. inan. 'sauce', esp. 'tahini'
luse /lusæ/ [ˈluʃɐ] m. inan. 'sesame'
sanne siwi /sɑnnæ siwi/ [ˈsɑɲːɐˌʃiwe], dialectally sanne tsiwi /sɑnnæ tsiwi/ [ˈsɑɲːɐˌtʃiwe] m. inan. 'hummus'
lagr /lɑʁr/ [lɑʁr] m. inan. 'fruit'
wikn /wikn/ [wikn] m. inan. 'juice'
hayyi /hɑjji/ [ˈhɑjːe] m. inan. 'lime' (the fruit)
pfv. k'ark /kʼɑrk/ [kʼɑrk], ipfv. k'erk /kʼærk/ [cʼærk], imp. uk'ark /ukʼɑrk/ [oˈkʼɑrk] 'dry'
hayyi ik'ark /hɑjji ikʼɑrk/ [ˈhɑjːe.eˌkʼɑrk] 'dried/black lime'
gari /ʁɑri/ [ˈʁɑɾe] m. inan. 'lemon'
hagaari /hɑʁɑːri/ [hɑˈʁɑːɾe] 'citrus'
liku /liku/ [ˈʎiko] m. inan. 'bitter orange'
geeri /ʁæːri/ [ˈɣæːɾe] m. inan. 'citron'
q'umi /qʼumi/ [ˈqʼume] 'sweet'
leet'a /læːtʼɑ/ [ˈʎæːt̪ʼɐ] 'sour'
riink /riːnk/ [riːŋk] 'salty'
sulle /sullæ/ [ˈsuʎːɐ] 'bitter'
ladde /lɑddæ/ [ˈlɑdːzɐ] 'savory'
weer /wæːr/ [wæːr] f. inan. 'salt'
sakar /sɑkɑr/ [sɐˈkɑr] f. inan. 'sugar'
sukula /sukulɑ/ [ˈsukolɐ] f. inan. 'chocolate'
fuul /fuːl/ [fuːl] f. inan. 'oil'
hafuul /hɑfuːl/ [hɐˈɸuːl] 'oily'
taaqqe /tɑːqqæ/ [ˈt̪ɑːkːɐ] m. inan. 'olive'
fuule taaqqi /fuːlæ tɑːqqi/ [ˈfuːʎɐˌt̪ɑːkːe] f. inan. 'olive oil'
k'all /kʼɑll/ [kʼɑlː] f. inan. 'milk'
saht /sɑht/ [sɑht̪], dialectally tsaht /tsɑht/ [tsɑht̪] f. inan. 'butter'
raxa /rɑχɑ/ [ˈrɑχɐ] f. inan. 'cheese'
nihha /nihhɑ/ [ˈɲiħːɐ] f. inan. 'curds'
bixu /biχu/ [ˈbeχo] f. inan. 'whey'
sili /sili/ [ˈʃiʎe], dialectally /tsili/ [ˈtʃiʎe] m. inan. 'chili pepper'
fiffali /fiffɑli/ [ˈfifːɐʎe] m. inan. 'black pepper', 'long pepper'
hafiffali /hɑfiffɑli/ [hɐˈfifːɐʎe] 'hot' (taste), 'peppery', 'piquant', 'pungent'
yaaqr /jɑːqr/ [jɑːqr] m. inan. 'garlic'
wiizd /wiːzd/ [wiːzd̪] m. inan. 'onion'
reba /ræbɑ/ [ˈræβɐ] f. inan. 'anise'
waaya /wɑːjɑ/ [ˈwɑːjɐ] f. inan. 'coriander'
heyd /hæjd/ [hɛːd̪] f. inan. 'caraway'
kaawr /kɑːwr/ [kɔːwr] f. inan. 'fennel'
qize /qizæ/ [ˈkiʒɐ] f. inan. 'basil'
kaq'a /kɑqʼɑ/ [ˈkɑqʼɐ] f. inan. 'oregano'
dura /durɑ/ [ˈduɾɐ] f. inan. 'mustard', 'rapeseed'
fuule duri /fuːlæ duri/ [ˈfuːʎɐˌduɾe] f. inan. 'mustard oil', 'rapeseed oil'
gahr /ʁɑhr/ [ʁɑhr] f. inan. 'leaf'
xuust /χuːst/ [χuːst̪] f. inan. 'seed'
sayah /sɑjɑh/ [sɐˈjɑh] f. inan. 'root'
seezd /sæːzd/ [ʃæːzd̪] f. inan. 'stem'
yaak /jɑːk/ [jɑːk] f. inan. 'trunk'
hikke /hikkæ/ [ˈçicːɐ] f. inan. 'bark'
tebi /tæbi/ [ˈtsæβe] f. inan. 'branch'
kaahl /kɑːhl/ [kɑːhl] f. inan. 'shoot' (bot.)
qale /qɑlæ/ [ˈqɑʎɐ] f. inan. 'bud'

[äreo]

Lexember 6 & 7:

coavi
[ˈkwavɪ]
to squeeze, pump, (esp. with reduplication as coavioavi) wheeze, squeak, huff and puff; onomatopoeic or perhaps from *koi two (Msérsca coa) + *pih puff, blow

essoc
[ˈesːɔk]
quietly rebellious attitude; niche appeal; essa low, quiet + oc spark, noise (cf. occea noise, din, racket)

direct singular: essoc
direct plural: essoa [ˈɛsːwa]
genitive singular: essoi [ˈɛsːɔi]
partitive/genitive plural: essocce [ˈɛsːɔkːɛ]
dative/locative: essoccis [ˈɛsːɔcːɪs]

[Lērisama]

6–8^th¹ Lex

ポイガンサ　　　pūegēđa
ポーイギーンサ　/puːəɣɛːzʲa/

• To feel afraid of sth. (esp. because it's unusual or unknown)
• To fear sth. out of proportion with it's danger, to fear sth. irrationally

Etymology:
From pūega ‘to fear’ + -ːđ- ‘away’

---

タリ　　tarī
たリー　/taɾiː/

• The 11^th day of the month in the Pubuic religious calendar

Etymology:
From PPS *taδī, usually assumed to be an obscure god(dess), probably connected to the known goddess Tār.

---

行ミ手　　　　kamēfla
カミーパ̞ゥラ　/kamɛːɸla/

• To climb (up), to drag yourself up
• (Metaphorically) To pull yourself up by the bootstraps

Etymology:
From kama ‘to go’ + -ī- ‘up’ + -fla ‘by the hands’

¹ I had a busy weekend

[äreo]

Lexember 8 & 9 & 10 - Movement and Exercise:

tóima
[ˈtwɔima~tøːima]
to lift, hoist, raise; from *toorima to carry, hold up, related to tórea floor, ground

faxea
[ˈfaksja~ ˈfakʃa]
pose, position, posture, arrangement; either:
1. metathesis of expected *fascea from *fasu stop, pause, rest (whence Msérsca fas break, siesta and faste to stop) + *kau diminutive)
2. somehow related to *fanku stiff (Msérsca fáca, fáa to be weak, brittle)

direct singular: faxea
direct plural: faxi [ˈfaksɪ]
genitive singular: faxi [ˈfaksɪ]
partitive/genitive plural: faxine [ˈfaksɪnɛ]
dative singular: faxeas [ˈfaksjas~fakʃas]
dative plural: faxis [ˈfaksɪs]

peula
[ˈpɛula]
wheel, circle; from *pekula; related to peuve to spin and possibly peps burl

direct singular: peula
direct plural: peule [ˈpɛulɛ]
genitive singular: peule [ˈpɛulɛ]
partitive/genitive plural: peulane [ˈpɛulanɛ]
dative singular: peulas [ˈpɛulas]
dative plural: peules [ˈpɛulɛs]

[foxcatdog]

*keerin “anchor” from PCK *karin “weight” > Shirisai *keerin

*aśi “salmon roe” possibly from PA *jaĺi “egg yolk”

*wiśini “ship” from PCA *biłini

*anarraś “harbour” from Sun Elven *adar “ship”

*jujan “to transport (goods) via ship” from PA *kujan “to barter”

*waiśi “sail” from PCA *bakiłi from Sun Elven ultimately Proto Elven *bake “go” + the suffix *-se “that which takes to”

*kanawa “to relax by the beach” from PA *kana “to dip into water” + *wa “oh!” also see *kanaki “steamed food” believed to be derived from the same root + a diminutive and *kanai “steamed”

[Travis B.]

Lexember 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th

pfv. harta /hɑrtɑ/ [ˈhɑrt̪ɐ], ipfv. herta /hærtɑ/ [ˈçært̪ɐ], imp. uhart /uhɑrt/ [oˈhɑrt̪] 'dive'
pfv. muqqi /muqqi/ [ˈmokːe], ipfv. miqqi /miqqi/ [ˈmekːe], imp. amuqq /amuqq/ [ɐˈmoqː] 'lunge'
pfv. uurit /uːrit/ [ˈuːɾet̪], ipfv. aarit /ɑːrit/ [ˈɑːɾet̪], imp. awurit /ɑwurit/ [ɐwoˈɾit̪] 'run'
pfv. qawt /qɑwt/ [qɔːt̪], ipfv. qewt /qæwt/ [kæwt̪], imp. uqawt /uqɑwt/ [oˈqɔːt̪] 'lift'
pfv. suuf /suːf/ [suːf], ipfv. siif /siːf/ [ʃiːf], imp. asuf /ɑsuf/ [ɐˈsuf] 'carry'
pfv. niizd /niizd/ [ɲiːzd̪], ipfv. neezd /næːzd/ [ɲæːzd̪], imp. anizd /anizd/ [aˈɲizd̪] 'pull'
pfv. taggi /tɑʁʁi/ [ˈt̪ɑɣːe], ipfv. teggi /tæʁʁi/ [ˈtsɑɣːe], imp. utagg /utɑʁʁ/ [oˈt̪ɑʁː] 'drag'
pfv. nuxa /nuχɑ/ [ˈnoχɐ], ipfv. naxa /nɑxɑ/ [ˈnɑχɐ], imp. anux /ɑnuχ/ [ɐˈnoχ] 'fuck'

[Man in Space]

I’m stuck playing catch-up again. Expect a series of posts that I can share as I get breaks at work (I’m on lunch presently, so I can at least get this out).

Lexember 7

Culture and the Unusual/Rocks, Minerals, Geology (two-for-two with one stroke)

I’ll go a little meta for the finale to Week One:

On Íröd, the longest mountain range on the planet is called the “Burning Mountains”. Íröd is a much more volcanically active place than Earth is, so is full of volcanoes, and a notable number of them are in this specific range. They are a significant force in the shaping of history on Íröd…and they weren't even in the first version of the world map¹. The name came from an EP that stuck with me after I listened to it, namely A List of the Burning Mountains by Oneida (Side 1, Side 2), which was released in 2012.

CT Áhrağ ü ⅁seğ_⅁seğ Hae ‘the Mountains that Burn’

\

PL

hárağ

mountain

ü

DEF

~

INTS

⅁seğ

burn

hae

REL

Note the reduplication on the verb here, conferring an intensive connotation—verbs can reduplicate just like nouns do (katło ‘fool, simpleton, idiot, dullard’ > katłoğatło ‘arch-idiot, supreme dunce’).

XTC Cûythàent /koi̯ˀ^B2 ɛ̃ˀ^A2/ MB [kyi̯ˀ˩ ãˀ˥˩] Gu [kaˀc˧ ẽˀ˧] Gn [kei̯ˀ˨˥˦ æ̃ˀ˩] ‘the Burning Mountains’
—› cûyt /koi̯ˀ^B2 MB [kyi̯ˀ˩] Gu [kaˀc˧] Gn [kei̯ˀ˨˥˦] ‘horizon’ + aent /ɛ̃ˀ^A1/ MB [ãˀ˧] Gu [ẽ˥] Gn [æ̃ˀ˩] ‘uncontrolled/uncontrollable fire’

The tonal change here is because this is a univerbation of a formerly-perceived-as-two-word phrase forming some sort of attributive/genitive: in such constructions, the second noun inverts its tonal register; that is to say, first-register tones become second-register and vice versa, e.g. ra̋c ‘crate, box, canister’ + gǎexuy ‘thunder’ = ra̋c gâexùy ‘ammunition crate’.

1. I’m on version 3 currently. v1 was generated fractally by someone on Reddit, who left them free for the taking and using; v2 was a product of worldengine, salted to taste; the current v3 was done manually using the Twelve Step Cartographer's guide and the Climate Cookbook.

[äreo]

Lexember 11 & 12 & 13 & 14 - Movement and Exercise:

máire
[ˈmoːiɾɛ]
to push, shove; to (deliberately) give off; possibly related to mói to grind, pound, knead and thus to mót granule, speck

zaele
[ˈzaːlɛ]
to pull, draw; to attract, catch; (with dative or ablative) to take influence from

déai
[ˈdɛːi]
to stand, rise, become erect; possibly related to demnes house, dwelling or dí- in dínas today

coima
[ˈkoima]
to embrace, receive, accept; related to corea embrace and -coë potential/abilitative suffix