Random phonological inventories thread 2.0

[Birdlang]

Here’s the new phonology posting thread, I figure we can post our phonologies here now.
I’m going to start
/m n ŋ/ m n g
/p t ts k ʔ/ p t c k q
/f s ɕ h/ f s x h
/l j w/ l j w
/r/ r

/i y ɨ u e ø o æ a/ i ü ï u e ö o ë a

[Xwtek]

Standard Asent'oan has simpler phonology. So I will post here:

/m n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ/
/p t tɬ tɕ k kʷ ʔ/
/b d dɮ dʑ ɡ ɡʷ/
/pʼ tʼ tɬʼ tɕʼ kʼ ḱʷʼ/
/f s ɬ ɕ x xʷ h/
/r l j w/

/a i u e ə o/

Phonotactics: CV(N).

Asent'o is the lingua franca for nortwestern part of Mataka continent. So it is spoken by human, orcs, elves, and dwarfs. Altough dwarf, since they are not native here, is rare here. And elf is basically Asent'o area equivalent of overseas Chinese here.

The orcs speaks multitude of languages, but their lingua franca (if they don't use Asent'o) is Rkou. (Think like you speak your native language to people of same race, but use national language if you speak to people of different race, but same nationality, and use English otherwise). Rkou, however, has much more complex phonology. Although it has only 10 consonants, they have large number of vowel (both quality and combined by voicing), and complex clusters. Added to the top is complex assimilation.

Grammatically, they are the opposite. Asent'o has a standard proximal-obviative SOV head-marked grammar(Except for case marking, that even then, Asent'o distinguishes just two), while Rkou is a agent oriented SVO null-marking grammar (The only thing that makes Rkou more head-marked is the fact that Rkou verbs is conjugated for both subject and object). Asent'o has typical verb-like adjectives, but Rkou is noun-like. To form relative clauses, Asent'o uses gap strategy (preferred) or relative pronoun (avoided, it is more controversial than passive voice in English). But Rkou uses non-reduction strategy.

[bbbosborne]

fuck yeah bitches

aquitarean (/səq^wɨ'tejə/):
/p t tʃ k k^w q q^w/ p t ch k kw q qw
/v θ s ʃ x x^w voiceless uvular fricative h/ v th s sh x xw h
/l j w/ l y w
/m n/ m n

/i ɨ u~o/ i ɨ u
/e ə/ e ə
/a/ a
final /h/ -> /voiceless uvular fricative/
/voiceless uvular fricative/ is never phonemic

/ai əi/ ai əi

(C)(j, w)V(C)
the only permitted consonant clusters are /ps bz pʃ st sk sx ʃt ʃx ʃk/

sketch 6:
/p t ts k/ p t ts k
/s voiceless uvular fricative^w h/ s x h
/m n/ m n

/i: ɪ u: ʊ/ ì i ù u
/a: ə/ à a
/ai au/ ai au

(C)V(C)
-no final /h/

2steplang:
/p t c k k^w ʔ/ p t ty c cu '
/ts tʃ/ ts ch
/v s ʃ h/ v s sh h
/l ɾ j w/ l r y u/w
/m n ɲ ŋ/ m n ny ng

/i~ɪ o~u/ i
/e~ɛ/ e o
/a~ə/ a
-long and short

/ai oi ao/ ai oi ao

(s)(C)V(S, ʃ) where S is a sonorant
/ʔ/ only intervocalically

froglang (special thanks to vijay for inspiration):
/b~ɓ t g~ɠ ʔ/ b t g ʔ
/ɣ ɣ: ʁ ʁ:/ gg ggg gggg ggggg

/ɪ ɤ ɪ: ɤ:/ i u ii uu
-modal, nasal, and vocal fry qualities
modal: unmarked
nasal: tilde diacritic
vocal fry: preceding apostrophe, e.g. b'ii

(C)V(t)

[Elizabeth K.]

Gahhhhh I love this shit.

My “Venusian” language:
p t̪ ʈ k q ʔ
pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ
f θ s ɕ x X h
ts tɕ
tsʰ tɕʰ
m n̪ ɳ ŋ
l̪ ɭ
r̪ ʀ
w j

i ɛ ɑ u
ĩ ɛ̃ ɑ̃ ũ

Syllable: (C)(C)V(ʔ/h)

Assimilation of sibiliants/dentals to following retroflex consonants’ PoA
Assimilation of velars & uvulars to the PoA of the following dorsal
Assimilation of vowel nasality rightward across ʔ, h, or hiatus
l̪ ɭ become n̪ ɳ (respectively) after a nasal vowel
Allophonic voicing of unaspirated stops and affricates after a nasal vowel

There’s phonemic pitch accent but I haven’t figured it out yet.

[Nortaneous]

Erskvua

/pʰ tʰ tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ kʰ qʰ/
/p t ts tʂ tɕ k q/
/b d dz dʐ dʑ g ʁ/
/f ɬ s ʂ ɕ x ꭓ/
/w l z ʐ j/
/m n ɲ ŋ/
/æ a e ɤ o i y ɯ u/ + nasalization and rhoticity

[akam chinjir]

Kwa̰ Mɨɨrts---finally came up with a big inventory I like.

Code: Select all

p   t   ts  tɬ      k   kʷ
pʰ  tʰ  tsʰ tɬʰ     kʰ  kʷʰ
p'  t'  ts' tɬ'     k'  kʷ'  ʔ
f       s   ɬ           xʷ
m   n           ɲ       ŋʷ
mˀ  nˀ          ɲˀ      ŋʷˀ
    r       l           ɫʷ
                j       w
                ȷ̃       w̃

  i  ɨ  u
  e  ə  o
     a

• Phonemic /p'/ is phonetic [ɓ]
• /xʷ/, /ŋʷ/, and /ŋʷˀ/ (but not /ɫʷ/) have unrounded allophones, and maybe could go in the plain velar column instead
• /ə/ occurs only in unstressed syllables where vowels are reduced, but there are cases where no fuller vowel is synchronically recoverable, so though it's not contrastive I guess it's a phoneme
• Underlying syllables can be as complex as CLVC, but many unstressed vowels delete, resulting in madness
• There are suprasegmentals (vowel length, creak, a high tone) that get attracted to stressed syllables

[Aftovota]

Current name: Kêrž [kêːɽʐ]

Code: Select all

m	n̪	ɳ	
p	t̪	ʈ	k
b~β	d̪~l̪	ɖ~ɽ	g~ɣ
	s̪	ʂ	x
	z̪	ʐ	

Code: Select all

i		u
e		o
	a	

C[+voi +stop -cor] > [+cont] / V_V[-high], V_%
C[+voi +stop +cor] > [+cont] / V_V[-high], #_V[-high], V_%

Historical:
ʂ > x / _u, u_%

(C){V(V)(C)(C)}+

Clusters are at most 2 consonants, always more sonorous + less sonorous. Allowable class combinations are nasal + plosive, nasal + fricative, liquid + plosive, liquid + fricative, and fricative + plosive. Fricative as class here means sibilants and /x/. Coronals in a cluster must match in POA.

Short vowels can be low or high, long vowels can be level/rising or falling. Vowel combinations are fairly free and most occur in hiatus rather in diphthongs, but the vowels tend to be distinct in height and usually no more than 2 in hiatus. A special class of velar + glide u + vowel, including otherwise nearly-absent /ui/, seems to betray a former labiovelar series.

I realized that other than tones I could get away with ASCII with it leaning on context clues. <rt> has to be /ɽʈ/, <ld> must be /l̪d̪/. For the retracted coronals you could do things like <tr>, otherwise an invalid cluster, standing for /ʈ/, but that's pretty ugly word-finally (<matr> for /maʈ/? ). /ʂ ʐ/ would be <c j> for ASCII--the language name would be <Keerj>.

[Nortaneous]

Pannonian

/p pʼ b t tʼ d ts tsʼ dz tʂ tʂʼ dʐ tɕ tɕʼ dʑ k kʼ g/
/f v s z ʂ ɕ x ɣ h/
/m n ɲ ŋ/
/l ɭ ʎ r j/
/a eæ̯ oɒ̯ e ø o i y ɯ u/ + length

Ejectives are partially from geminates, partially from pre-apocope word-final voiceless consonants, and partially from former glottalized register/pitch. /ɣ/ was historically an allophone / dialectal variant of /ɭ/ (from PIE *r), but split into a separate phoneme due to loans from languages with uvular R.

The vowel system should at some point be reworked, but I'm not sure how. The ideal would be something more like English, where most of the vowels are actually diphthongs / VC sequences. Possibly l-vocalization will be involved.

[Tropylium]

Glaire [gla.iɾə]
(I may have posted some of this on the old board)

Inventory: /p t k G R i ı a/
T will be a cover symbol for /p t k/.

Syllable structure: (T,G)(R)V(G,R). Surface codas only occur in final syllables.

Allophony
/G/ →
[ʒ] in syllables with /i/
[g] word-initially before /ı a R/
[w] in coda after /ı a/, after /pı/
[ɣ] elsewhere

/R/ →
[l] in syllables with /ı a/
[ɾ] in syllables with /i/

/ı/ →
[u] before [w] (i.e. before coda /G/ and /p_G/ + back vowel)
[ʊ] after /p/ otherwise
[ɯ] after /k G/
[ɪ] elsewhere

(thus, /pıGa/ is derived as → [[pʊGa]] → [[pʊwa]] → [puwa], using [[…]] for partially resolved surface phonetics)

/ti/ → [si]
/iR#/ → [iɾə]
optionally, /p t/ → [b d] / V_V

Morphophonology
Vowel cluster resolution:
//aa// → /a/
//ii iı ıi ıı// → /i/
//aı// → /agı/
//pıa// → /pıga/ (→ [puwa])
The clusters /ia ıa ai/ remain.

Consonant cluster resolution:
//gg// → /k/ / _{ı a}
//gg// → /t/ (→ [s]) / _i
//gT// → /T/
//RC// → /RıC/

Orthography
/pi pı pa ti tı ta ki kı ka/ ‹pi pu pa si ti ta ki ku ka›
/ i ı a Ri Rı Ra Gi Gı Ga/ ‹yi i a ri li la zi gu ga›
/iG ıG aG iR ıR aR/ ‹iz u aw ire il al›
(including /tıG kıG/ ‹tu ku›)

Other rules:
//ı// → ∅ / _#
//pıG// → /pı/ / _#
//kı// → /kıG/ / _#

[mae]

-

[Aftovota]

Tropylium, I really like Glaire and, in general, games like that with small phonologies.

- - - - - - - - - -

Aexozu [aɪ̯.xo.zʉˑ]

Code: Select all

m	n
p b	t d		k
		ts dz
ɸ β	θ ð	s z	x ɣ	h
	l	ɾ

Code: Select all

iˑ		ʉˑ
	ɪ
			o


	a

The vowels [a ɪ iˑ o ʉˑ] are written <a e i o u>. I use <f v r> for /ɸ β ɾ/ but otherwise use the IPA symbols for consonants.

Voiced continuant obstruents are allophones of other sounds.

C[+fricative, -sibilant] > h / #_V
b d > β ð / V_V
ɸ θ > β ð / V_V
ts s > dz z / V_V, R_V -- where R=nlr
x > ɣ / V_VC% -- lenition before a closed syllable
C[+nasal] > m / _#

/aɪ̯ ao̯/ are true diphthongs
[oɪ̯~o.ɪ], [ɪ̯o~ɪ.o], etc.
/ɪ/ is deleted in hiatus with /iˑ/
ɪ + ɪ > iˑ

Vowel hiatus is allowed but doesn't get very long. /ɪ/ is the most common element in adjacent of vowels.
Clusters of resonant + obstruent and obstruent + liquid are allowed, but not *affricate + liquid.
Clusters of fricative + plosive or plosive + fricative are allowed so long as they're at different POAs (no: *ɸp, yes: ɸt). These are very except for those were the fricative element is a sibilant.

Gibberish sample:
Breðea navolemeus handaexa oureɣam aðifro.
[bɾɪ.ðɪ.a na.βo.lɪ.mɪ.ʉˑs han.daɪ̯.xa o.ʉˑ.ɾɪ.ɣam a.ðiˑ.ɸɾo]

[Frislander]

/p tʲ ʂ k/
/p’ tʲ’ t͡ʂ’ k’/
/ⁿd/
/m lʲ ɻ ŋ/

/ɨ u/
/e ɔ/
/a/

Vowels come in long and short, and a breathy/creaky voice contrast.

The close unrounded vowel is fronted when before to palatalised coronals, and both front vowels are retracted before retroflexes.

Syllable structure is CV(C), where coda consonants are restricted to /p tʲ ʂ k m lʲ ɻ ŋ/, and phrase-finally a glottal stop is appended after a final vowel.

[Xwtek]

Tropylium, I really like Glaire and, in general, games like that with small phonologies.

- - - - - - - - - -

Aexozu [aɪ̯.xo.zʉˑ]

Code: Select all

m	n
p b	t d		k
		ts dz
ɸ β	θ ð	s z	x ɣ	h
	l	ɾ

Code: Select all

iˑ		ʉˑ
	ɪ
			o


	a

The vowels [a ɪ iˑ o ʉˑ] are written <a e i o u>. I use <f v r> for /ɸ β ɾ/ but otherwise use the IPA symbols for consonants.

Voiced continuant obstruents are allophones of other sounds.

C[+fricative, -sibilant] > h / #_V
b d > β ð / V_V
ɸ θ > β ð / V_V
ts s > dz z / V_V, R_V -- where R=nlr
x > ɣ / V_VC% -- lenition before a closed syllable
C[+nasal] > m / _#

/aɪ̯ ao̯/ are true diphthongs
[oɪ̯~o.ɪ], [ɪ̯o~ɪ.o], etc.
/ɪ/ is deleted in hiatus with /iˑ/
ɪ + ɪ > iˑ

Vowel hiatus is allowed but doesn't get very long. /ɪ/ is the most common element in adjacent of vowels.
Clusters of resonant + obstruent and obstruent + liquid are allowed, but not *affricate + liquid.
Clusters of fricative + plosive or plosive + fricative are allowed so long as they're at different POAs (no: *ɸp, yes: ɸt). These are very except for those were the fricative element is a sibilant.

Gibberish sample:
Breðea navolemeus handaexa oureɣam aðifro.
[bɾɪ.ðɪ.a na.βo.lɪ.mɪ.ʉˑs han.daɪ̯.xa o.ʉˑ.ɾɪ.ɣam a.ðiˑ.ɸɾo]

It looks anything but small phonologically-wise

[Xwtek]

Pannonian

/p pʼ b t tʼ d ts tsʼ dz tʂ tʂʼ dʐ tɕ tɕʼ dʑ k kʼ g/
/f v s z ʂ ɕ x ɣ h/
/m n ɲ ŋ/
/l ɭ ʎ r j/
/a eæ̯ oɒ̯ e ø o i y ɯ u/ + length

Ejectives are partially from geminates, partially from pre-apocope word-final voiceless consonants, and partially from former glottalized register/pitch. /ɣ/ was historically an allophone / dialectal variant of /ɭ/ (from PIE *r), but split into a separate phoneme due to loans from languages with uvular R.

The vowel system should at some point be reworked, but I'm not sure how. The ideal would be something more like English, where most of the vowels are actually diphthongs / VC sequences. Possibly l-vocalization will be involved.

Why are the ejectives. Pannonian is in the middle of Europe, a linguistic area without ejectives.

[2+3 Clusivity]

/t ts k/
/s h/
/n/

/ʉ a/ plus accent, nasalization.

{s, h}CVC

Onset h only surfaces following an accented $.

[Raholeun]

Genuinly curious; what's the fun posting only an inventory? Why not go the extra mile and flesh out a proper phonology?

[2+3 Clusivity]

I hate fun; therefore, I post only inventories.

[Frislander]

It gives me a place to vent the random phonologies I come up with on the fly, and often those are basically limited to consonants and vowels.

[Birdlang]

The language of the lizard people
/p b t d k g q ɢ ʡ ʔ/ p b t d k g q ġ ȝ ɂ
/m n ŋ ɴ/ m n ŋ ƞ
/f v s z ʪ ʫ ɬ ɮ x ɣ X ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ ɧ/ f v s z ϑ δ ł ƶ x γ ƕ ƣ ħ ƹ ɦ ɛ h ƽ ȣ
/tʪ dʫ/ ƛ λ
/ð̼̞ j ɰ ʁ̞/ ƌ j w ǥ
/l ʟ/ l ƨ

/i u ə a/ i u ŭ a

[Nortaneous]

Why are the ejectives. Pannonian is in the middle of Europe, a linguistic area without ejectives.

There are enough glottalic shenanigans in IE (preaspirates from geminates in Icelandic and Gaelic, stod in Danish, glottalized tone in Latvian...) that it's not entirely inexcusable. Ejectives in Pannonian are mostly recent developments from geminate voiceless stops, which isn't too far off from the preaspirate development. But there are a few glottal stops from recent unstressed initial vowel syncope preceded by automatic glottal stop insertion -- basically Okinawan.

Besides, traits of linguistic areas have to develop without areal effects at least once for them to become traits of linguistic areas.

The real problem is that it's in Hungary instead of Estonia, but the early Greco-Armenian sprachbund stuff wouldn't work out otherwise.