Phrase evolution game

[Rounin Ryuuji]

• Loss of unstressed [ɘ];
  • [d(i~j) dx] > [ɟʝ]
  • [xn] > [ɲ]
• [z s h b x] > [ʑ ɕ ç ɟ͡ʑ ç] when in contact with [i j]
• Intervocalic [j] > [ɟ͡ʑ]
• Loss of all other unstressed vowels (diphthongs excluded), devoicing of terminal consonants;
• [pç] > [c͡ç]
• [ɘa ij ou~ow ej] > [oa aj uw ij] > [o a u i]
• Minor modifications to the orthography, but it still remains largely conservative;

Say tidyk suk nasy. Say lebyh suk makyn singkong.
['zoc͡ɕ ɟ͡ʝac͡ç 'ʑux 'noɕ || 'zoc͡ɕ 'lic͡ç 'ʑux 'moɲ 'za.çu]
[/quote]

[Neonnaut]

• s x > h; z > v;
• De-Rouninization: ɟ͡ʑ > tʰ; c͡ç > kʰ;
• ɕ ʑ ç > s z x;
• e, u > ∅ /_#
• ɲ > ŋ

Say tidyk suk nasy. Say lebyh suk makyn singkong.
['vokʰ tʰakʰ 'zuh 'nos || 'vokʰ 'likʰ 'zuh 'moŋ 'vax]

[Rounin Ryuuji]

De-Rouninization:

Again, this is getting old, and starting to come off pretty spiteful.

• Back rounded vowels are fronted, resulting [y ø] > [i e]
• Affrication of aspirated stops followed by fortition of corresponding voiceless fricatives : [kʰ tʰ x h s] > [c͡ɕʰ t͡sʰ kʰ kʰ tʰ]
• [v z] > [w s]
• [wi we wa] > [jy jo wo]
• [eŋ] > [ej]
• [s l] > [ɕʰ ʎ] before [i]

Say tidyk suk nasy. Say lebyh suk makyn singkong.
['jyc͡ɕʰ t͡sʰac͡ɕʰ 'ɕʰikʰ 'netʰ || 'jokʰ 'ʎic͡ɕʰ ɕʰikʰ 'mej 'wokʰ]

[Otto Kretschmer]

Benito Mussolini è stato un politico italiano e fondatore del fascismo. Governò l'Italia dal 1926 al 1945 quando tornò la democrazia.

['benito muso'lini e 'stato un po'litico ita'liano e fonda'tore del fa'ʃizmo. gove'rno li'talia dal 1926 al 1945 'kwando to'rno la demokra'zia]

[Darren]

Benito Mussolini è stato un politico italiano e fondatore del fascismo. Governò l'Italia dal 1926 al 1945 quando tornò la democrazia.

['benito muso'lini e 'stato un po'litico ita'liano e fonda'tore del fa'ʃizmo. gove'rno li'talia dal 1926 al 1945 'kwando to'rno la demokra'zia]

More accurate would be:
/beˈnito mussoˈlini ɛ ˈstato un poˈlitiko itaˈljano e fondaˈtore del faʃˈʃizmo | goverˈno liˈtalja dal ˈmille ˌnɔveˈtʃɛnto ˈventiˌsɛj al ˈmille ˌnɔveˈtʃɛnto kwaˌrantaˈtʃinkwe ˈkwando torˈno la de.mo.kratˈtsi.a/

• Vowels in stressed open syllables lengthen
• Intervocalic lenition /b d dz dʒ g v z/ → /v ð z ʒ j Ø Ø/, /p t ts tʃ k f s ʃ/ → /b d dz dʒ g v z ʒ/, geminate obstruents shortened
• Unstressed /dVg/ → /dʒ/
• Final unstressed vowels other than /a/ lost
• /nd nt/ → /nː nd/ (likewise for all nasal-plosive sequences)
• /lj/ → /ʒ/
• /zm/ → /nm/ → /nː/
• Word-final geminates shortened

Benid Mussolin è stad un polig itasgian e fonnador del fascin. Goernò l'Itasgia dal mil noegend vendisèi al mil noegend quarandacingu quan tornò la demograzi.
/beˈniːd mussoˈliːn ɛ ˈstaːd un poˈliːdʒ itaˈʒaːn e fonːaˈdoːr del faˈʃin | goerˈnoː liˈtaːʒa dal ˈmil ˌnɔeˈdʒɛnd ˈvendiˌzɛj al ˈmil ˌnɔeˈdʒɛnd kwaˌrandaˈtʃingw ˈkwan torˈnoː la de.mo.graˈtsiː/

[Rounin Ryuuji]

• Medial and terminal [z ʒ] > [ʁ ʁʲ]; terminal [dʒ] > [ʒ] > [ʁ ʁʲ]; the new sounds are represented as "z" and "sg(i)", respectively
• [t͡s d͡z] > [t͡ʃ d͡ʒ] before [e i], and are respelled accordingly;
• Stressed long vowels begin to be written with an accent mark:

Benìd Mussolìn è stàd un polìsg Itasgiàn e fonnadoor del fascin. Goernò l'Itasgia dal mil noegend vendizèi al mil noegend quarandacingu quan tornò la demogracì.
/beˈniːd mussoˈliːn ɛ ˈstaːd un poˈliːʁʲ itaˈʁʲaːn e fonːaˈdoːr del faˈʃin | goerˈnoː liˈtaːʁʲa dal ˈmil ˌnɔeˈdʒɛnd ˈvendiˌʁɛj al ˈmil ˌnɔeˈdʒɛnd kwaˌrandaˈtʃingw ˈkwan torˈnoː la de.mo.graˈt͡ʃiː/

[bradrn]

1. ʁʲ → ʝ → j
2. ij → iː
3. Ve → Vː
4. j w → i u / C_#
5. coda nasals assimilate in PoA to following consonant, or → ŋ if no following consonant
6. d l → ʔ / _#
7. rC r# → Cː ∅
8. Vː → V / _ {Cː, ʔ, [+nasal]}

Benìd Mussolìn è stàd un polìsg itasgiàn e fonnadòr del fascin. Goernò l’Itasgia dal mil noegend vendizèi al mil noegend quarandacingu quan tornò la demogracì.
/beˈniʔ musːoˈliŋ ɛ ˈstaʔ um‿poˈliː itaˈjaŋ e fonːaˈdoː deʔ faˈʃiŋ | ɡoˈnːoː liˈtaːja daʔ ˈmiʔ ˌnɔːˈdʒɛnʔ ˈvendiˌʁɛj aʔ ˈmiʔ ˌnɔːˈdʒɛnʔ kwaˌrandaˈtʃiŋɡu ˈkwaŋ toˈnːoː la demoɡraˈt͡ʃiː/

[Darren]

• Geminates palatalised /sː nː/ → /ɕ ɲ/
• Long vowels break /iː oː aː ɔː/ → /ɑi̯ u̯i ɛi̯ ɔu̯/
• Vowels lax in closed syllables /i u e o ɛ ɔ a/ → /ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ ɛ ɔ æ/
• Vowels next to a nasal segment nasalise, then nasals adjacent to a word boundary or another consonant are lost
• In stressed syllable onsets /p t k/ → /p͡f t͡s k͡x/, /b d dʒ g/ → /p t t͡ʃ k/
• Vowels lengthened in stressed syllables when preceding a voiced segment or a word boundary
• Final glottal stops drop
• Metathesis of post-tonic vowels

/bẽˈnɪ̃ ũɕoˈlɪ̃ː ɛ ˈstæ ʊ̃ poˈlɑi̯ itaˈjæ̃ː e fõɲãˈtwiː dɛ faˈʃɪ̃ː | ɡõˈɲũ̯ĩː lit͡saˈɛi̯j dæ ˈɪ̃ ˌɔ̃ũ̯ˈd͡ʒɛ̃ ˈvɛ̃ːdiˌʁɛj æ ˈɪ̃ nɔ̃ũ̯ˈt͡ʃɛ̃ kwaˌræ̃daˈt͡ʃɪ̃ːũ̯ɡ ˈk͡xwæ̃ː tõˈɲũ̯ĩː la dẽmõɡraˈt͡ʃɑi̯/

Benìṭ Ṃussolìn è stàd uṇ polìċ itasgiàṇ e fon̄adòċ deṭ fasciṇ. Goen̄ò l’Itaaċsg daṭ ṃiṭ ṇoegeṇṭ veṇdizèi aṭ ṃiṭ ṇoegeṇṭ quaraṇdaciuṇg quaṇ ton̄òċ la demogracìċ.

[Otto Kretschmer]

• Geminates palatalised /sː nː/ → /ɕ ɲ/
• Long vowels break /iː oː aː ɔː/ → /ɑi̯ u̯i ɛi̯ ɔu̯/
• Vowels lax in closed syllables /i u e o ɛ ɔ a/ → /ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ ɛ ɔ æ/
• Vowels next to a nasal segment nasalise, then nasals adjacent to a word boundary or another consonant are lost
• In stressed syllable onsets /p t k/ → /p͡f t͡s k͡x/, /b d dʒ g/ → /p t t͡ʃ k/
• Vowels lengthened in stressed syllables when preceding a voiced segment or a word boundary
• Final glottal stops drop
• Metathesis of post-tonic vowels

/bẽˈnɪ̃ ũɕoˈlɪ̃ː ɛ ˈstæ ʊ̃ poˈlɑi̯ itaˈjæ̃ː e fõɲãˈtwiː dɛ faˈʃɪ̃ː | ɡõˈɲũ̯ĩː lit͡saˈɛi̯j dæ ˈɪ̃ ˌɔ̃ũ̯ˈd͡ʒɛ̃ ˈvɛ̃ːdiˌʁɛj æ ˈɪ̃ nɔ̃ũ̯ˈt͡ʃɛ̃ kwaˌræ̃daˈt͡ʃɪ̃ːũ̯ɡ ˈk͡xwæ̃ː tõˈɲũ̯ĩː la dẽmõɡraˈt͡ʃɑi̯/

Benìṭ Ṃussolìn è stàd uṇ polìċ itasgiàṇ e fon̄adòċ deṭ fasciṇ. Goen̄ò l’Itaaċsg daṭ ṃiṭ ṇoegeṇṭ veṇdizèi aṭ ṃiṭ ṇoegeṇṭ quaraṇdaciuṇg quaṇ ton̄òċ la demogracìċ.

Is this what Italian would be like had it developed like French?

[Rounin Ryuuji]

• Short nasal vowel lowering and merger: [ĩ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ẽ æ̃ õ ɔ̃ ũ] > [ɛ̃ ɛ̃ õ ã ã ã õ], but [ɔ̃ũ̯] > [õũ̯];
• Long nasal vowel breaking: [æ̃ː ɛ̃ː jæ̃ː jɛ̃ː ɪ̃ː ũ̯ɪ̃ː ãː] > [jɛ̃ jɛ̃ jɛ̃j jɛ̃j jɛ̃ ɥɛ̃j õũ̯]
• Long vowel breaking [wiː] > [ɥɛj]
• Medial affrication becomes gemination: [t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ] > [ss ʃʃ ʒʒ]
• Disaffrication of initial affricates
• [l ʃ t z] > [ʎ ɕ c͡ɕ ɟ͡ʑ] before [i j ɥ], with loss of [j]
• A "classicalised" orthography is introduced:

/bãˈnɛ̃ õɕoˈʎɛ̃ ɛ ˈstæ õ poˈlɑi̯ itaˈjɛ̃j e fãɲãˈc͡ɕɥɛj dɛ faˈɕɛ̃ | ɡãˈɲɥɛ̃j ʎis.saˈʎi̯j dæ ˈɛ̃ ˌõũ̯ʒˈʒɛ̃ ˈvjɛ̃ɟ͡ʑiˌʁɛj æ ˈɛ̃ nõũ̯ʃ.ʃɛ̃ kwaˌrãdaɕˈɕɛ̃ũ̯ɡ ˈxwõũ̯ tãˈɲɥɛ̃j la dãmãɡraʃˈʃɑi̯/
Bennit Onscioglen è stàd on polai Itaiein e faggnacyei dè fasciein.Gaggnein L'Issaglii èn ounsgen viendgizèi à ennoussce quarandasscieung huoun tanyei la danmagrassçai.

[Darren]

• Stressed /æ/ → /jɑ/
• Nasal vowels denasalised /ɛ̃ õ ã õũ̯ ɛ̃ũ̯ ɛ̃j/ → /æ ɔ ɑ ɑo̯ æo̯ æe̯/
• /stj/ → /ɕt͡ɕ/
• /j ʎ ɥ/ → /ʑ/, lost after an obstruent, → /ɕ/ word-finally
• final /e̯/ → /k/
• /u o ɔ e a/ → /y u o ø ə/, /o̯/ → /u̯/
• /ʃ ʒ/ → /x ɻ/
• /ɲ ɲʑ/ → /nd͡ʑ/
• /d g/ → /t k/

/bɑˈnæ oɕuˈʑæ ɛ ˈɕt͡ɕɑ o puˈlɑɕ itəˈʑæk ø fɑnd͡ʑɑˈt͡ɕɛɕ dɛ faˈɕæ | ɡɑnˈd͡ʑæk ʑis.səˈʑiɕ dæ ˈʑɑ ˌɑu̯ɻˈɻæ ˈvʑæd͡ʑiˌʁɛʑ æ ˈʑɑ ɑu̯ɻˈɻæ kwəˌrɑdəɕˈɕæu̯ɡ ˈxwɑu̯ tɑnˈd͡ʑæk læ tɑmɑkrəxˈxɑɕ/
Benì Onscioglin è stàd on polai Itagliein e foggnacyei dè fascin. Gaggnein gl’ Issaglii dì glen ounsgen vgliendizèi à glen ounsgen quarandasscieung huoun toggnein la danmagrassciai.

[Otto Kretschmer]

Ca 1200 AD
Grænlands jarl leit á drengi sína áður en þeir fóru til bardaga

[Rounin Ryuuji]

May we have phonemes, please?

[Otto Kretschmer]

May we have phonemes, please?

[Græn'lɑnds jɑrl leɪt ɑ 'drengɪ 'sɪnɑ ɑður en þeɪr 'fɔru tɪl 'bɑrdɑgɑ]

[Neonnaut]

eɪ ɪ ɑ > i ɐ ɔ
n > ŋ /_g, g_
þ ð > v f
g > ɣ > x /V_V
g > k
ɔ > o
l > o /V_#, V_C
o > u /_#
s > h / #_

[kræn'londs jorl lit u 'dreŋxɐ 'hɐnu ovur en fir 'foru tɐo 'bordoxu]

[Rounin Ryuuji]

• Fortition [j v] > [ɟ b];
• [r l] > [j] when the second element in a cluster;
• [t d] > [t͡s d͡z], except before [s]; [ds] > [t͡s];
• Loss of coda nasals with nasalisation and compensatory lengthening of preceding vowel, often with some degree of raising or lowering;
• Loss of unstressed terminal vowels with compensatory lengthening of preceding vowel, except if a cluster or [r] precedes the lost vowel; the shift is blocked if the preceding vowel is already long;
• Coda [r] > [ə];
• Stress is shifted to the last of the heaviest syllables in a word;

Gjánlóntz Jorl litz u zjáncha hán obur án fir for tsao borzóch.
[kjãː'lõːt͡s ɟoəl lit͡s u 'd͡zjãːxɐ 'hɐːn o'buə ãː fiə 'foər t͡sɐo boə'd͡zoːx]

[Darren]

• /kj d͡zj ɟ/ → /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ d͡ʒ/
• /t͡s d͡z/ → /s z/
• /oə uə iə/ → /øː yː iː/
• Rounded vowel harmony; if a word has one front rounded vowel then all other rounded vowels become front.
• Final /l r/ → /ɥ/
• Final /s x/ → /j/, /ij oːj øːj/ → /iː øːɥ øːɥ/
• /l j/ → /n ɲ/ after a nasal vowel; nasal vowels denasalise.
• /ɐ/ → /ɨ/

Gjánlóntz Jorl litz u zjáncha hán obur án fir for tsao borzóch.
[t͡ʃaːˈnøːɥ d͡ʒøːɥ liː u ˈd͡ʒaːxɨ ˈhɐːŋ øˈbyː aːŋ fiː ˈføːɥ sɨo bøːˈzøːɥ]

[Rounin Ryuuji]

• [aː] > [ɛː]
• [ɛː øː iː ɐː yː] > [jɐ jo ɐj ɐw ɥi]
  • Resulting [t͡ʃj d͡ʒj nj bɥ fj bj zj] > [cɕ ɟʑ ɲ ɟʑɥ çj ɟʑ ʑ]
  • Resulting [oɥ] > [eɥ] > [ɥe]
• [sɨ] > [ɕ]
• [ø] > [y] > [i]
• Second loss of unstressed terminal vowels with compensatory lengthening;
• Unstressed initial vowels reduce, with lengthening of vowels in open stressed syllables
• Affricates disaffricate in unstressed syllables;
• [ŋ] > [g] > [x] in terminal position
• Orthographic reforms, with some conservatism in the spelling of unvoiced terminal consonants, and abundant analogical hypercorrections.

Gjanjués jyér lajs ú jách hauch ijuír auch fajr fjuér gjór jorzjuér.
[ɕəˈɲɥeː ɟʑɥeː laj uː ˈɟʑɐːx ˈhɐwx ɪˈɟʑɥiː ɐwx fɐj ˈçɥeː ɕoː ʑəˈʑɥeː]

[Otto Kretschmer]

[ɪn ˈnaɪnˈtin ˈsɪksti eɪt ˈstudənt ˈproʊˌtɛsts ˌɪˈrʌptɪd ɔl əˈkrɔs ðə ˈwɛstərn wɜrld. ðeɪ wɜr ˈspɪrˌhɛdɪd baɪ jʌŋ ˈpipəl hu rɪˈbɛld əˈgɛnst ðɛr ˈpɛrənts ˌʤɛnəˈreɪʃən]

[Otto Kretschmer]

[ɪn ˈnaɪnˈtin ˈsɪksti eɪt ˈstudənt ˈproʊˌtɛsts ˌɪˈrʌptɪd ɔl əˈkrɔs ðə ˈwɛstərn wɜrld. ðeɪ wɜr ˈspɪrˌhɛdɪd baɪ jʌŋ ˈpipəl hu rɪˈbɛld əˈgɛnst ðɛr ˈpɛrənts ˌʤɛnəˈreɪʃən

- monophtongization of diphtongs
[ɪn ˈna:nˈtin ˈsɪksti e:t ˈstudənt ˈproʊˌtɛsts ˌɪˈrʌptɪd ɔl əˈkrɔs ðə ˈwɛstərn wɜrld. ðe: wɜr ˈspɪrˌhɛdɪd ba: jʌŋ ˈpipəl hu rɪˈbɛld əˈgɛnst ðɛr ˈpɛrənts ˌʤɛnəˈre:ʃən