Proto-Tlar Kyanà phonology
/m n ŋ/
/p b ⁿb t d ⁿd k g ⁿg ʔ/
/ɸ β s z x ɣ h/
/l ɾ/
/w j/
/u o ɔ a ɛ e i/
Tones: *
A *
B *
C *
D
(C)(ɾ)(l)(w/j)V
T(l/ɾ)(N)(S)
m p b ⁿb ɸ β ŋ k g ⁿg x ɣ → mɲ pʃ bʒ ⁿbʒ ɸʃ βʒ ɲ c ɟ ⁿɟ ç ʝ / _{j,i}
t d ⁿd s z k g ⁿg x ɣ → tʃ dʒ ⁿdʒ ʃ ʒ p b ⁿb ɸ β / _w
{w,j} → Ø / C_V
Sɾ → Sʰ
VN → V[+ nasalized] / _(C) (includes prenasalized consonants, which become merely plain voiced) (I'm tired and doing a terrible job of explaining this…upshot is, vowel consumes nasality, stop loses its Spider-powers.)
ɾ → Ø / V_(C)%
ɾ → l
u o ɔ ɛ e i → oi̯ u o e i ei̯
l → ɹ / _(N)(S)%
a → o / _K
Development of register: Aspirated stop/voiceless fricatives → register one; else, register two
Voiced/voiceless merger; prenasalized stops become plain voiced
ei̯ → ai̯
ʔ → Ø
Ba Ea → u̯a i̯a → ɔ ɛ
B E → u̯ i̯ / _V
Nasals assimilate to the place of a following obstruent
The Great Stop Loss: Coda *p deletes entirely, coda *t > *c.
tl → tɬ (male speech)
h → Ø / ! #_
ç ʝ → ʃ ʒ
x ɣ → i̯ / before full vowels (i.e., not onglides)
x ɣ → k g
g → ŋ
Phonology at the time the writing was standardized:
/m n ɲ ŋ/
m n (~ hn) gn g (but mɲ-
mj-)
/p b t d c ɟ k/
p b t d c j k (but pʃ- bʒ-
ps- bs-) (-c -k
-c -cq)
/ɸ β s z ʃ ʒ h/
f v x z s gj h (/h/ is only ever word-initial) (but ɸʃ- βʒ-
fj- bj-) (yes, the awful orthography is intentional)
/l ~ ɹ/
l ~ r (realized as a rhotic in the coda)
/u o ɔ a ɛ e i/
u o ao a ae e i
/oi̯ ai̯/
uy ay
/u̯V i̯V/
uV iV (like-semivowel-vowel combinations are disallowed
thankfully)
Some words…
/pʃioic/
psiuyc
/bʒɛ̃/
bsaeng
/ɸʃuɔ~k/
fjuaoncq
xixocq tlar cana (looks like some emo kid in the 2000s tried to create a screen name and couldn't spell John Cena)
muy baon, guyna, gnicuhar (that looks like one of those deep-sea fish…it's hideous. I love it.)
gnar toler cana
baxac,
[+nas]
Vn before C,
Vng otherwise
/βʒãr/
bjanr?
bjarng?)
/βʒãrɲɔ/
bjarnggnao…It is
hideous. It is
beautiful.
/pʃiõk/
psioncq
/mɲiaic/
mjiaic
/ŋoi.a/
guya
/ɲɛ̃/
gnaeng
xixocq tlar cana –
mjuy baong –
guyna –
gnicuhar –
gnar toler cana
I did it
I think I did it
I made an orthography that is positively Nortaneous…I've always enjoyed the rational insanity of his romanizations. I feel oddly…happy…
Development of Tones
Mjuy Baong
A1 → mid
A2 → low trailing
B1 → high rising
B2 → low dropping (glottalized unless _S)
C1 → dipping
C2 → high rising (glottalized)
D1 → high rising
D2 → low dropping (glottalized unless _S)
oi̯ ai̯ → ui̯ a
ŋ → n / #_
mɲ ɸʃ βʒ → mj ɸj βj
b d ɟ g → β z ʒ ɣ / #_V[+ high] (includes diphthongs and triphthongs)
ũ ĩ → õ ẽ
Guyna
A1 → mid
A2 → low trailing
B1 → low (dipping unless _S)
B2 → low (dipping unless _S)
C1 → mid rising
C2 → high rising (glottalized)
D1 → low (dipping unless _S)
D2 → low (dipping unless _S)
N → ŋ / _%
V[- high] → Ø / V[- high]_
oi̯ → ai̯
c ɟ → tʃ dʒ
õ ẽ → ɔ̃ ɛ̃
Gnicuhar
A1 → mid level
A2 → low falling
B1 → low rising (glottalized)
B2 → high-mid (glottal stop)
C1 → high rising
C2 → high-mid
D1 → high-mid
D2 → high-mid
S → F / _(C)%
tl → dl (female speech)
ai̯ → oi̯
õ {ɔ̃,ɛ̃} ẽ → ũ ã ĩ
ʃ ʒ → x ɣ
Orthographic tone
A1
a
A2
à
B1
ǎ
B2
â
C1
á
C2
a̋
D1
ȧ
D2
ă
Xi̋xǒcq Tlar Canà
Mjǔy Bǎong
Gùynâ
Gnîcúhȧr
si̋sǒk /si
C2sok
B1/ < sisak < sisat
*zeCsaBk → siC2soB1k / siˀ˦˥ sok˦˥ : siˀ˦˥ sok˦˥ : si˥˧ soˀx˩˨ / sỉsǒk
*tɾlaAɾ → tlaA1ɹ / tlaɹ˧ : tlaɹ˧ : tlaɹ˧ / tlar
*kɾjaAnaA → caA1naA2 / ca˧ na˨˩ : ca˧ na˨˩ : ca˧ na˨˩ / kyanà
*muD ⁿbɾaBʔonD → moi̯D2 baB1õD2 / mui̯ˀ˨˩ ba˦˥ õ˨˩ : mai̯˨˩˨ bã˨˩˨ : moi̯˥˧ baˀ˩˨ ũ˥˧ / Mȕy Bǎȍn
*ŋuAnaB → ŋoi̯A2naB2 / nui̯˨˩ naˀ˨˩ : ŋai̯˨˩ na˨˩˨ : ŋoi̯˨˩ naʔ˥˧ / Ngùynâ
*niBkɾjuChwaDl → *niB2cuC1waɹD1 / ni˨˩ cu˧˨˧ waɹ˦˥ : ni˩ tʃu˧˥ waɹ˨˩˨ : niʔ˥˧ cu˦˥ war˥˧ / Nǐkyúwār
*bamAʔunA → pãA2õi̯A2 / pã˨˩õi̯˨˩ : pãi̯˨˩ : pã˨˩ũi̯˨˩ / pànhùyn
*baɾmAʔuɾnA → pamA2oi̯nA2 / pa˨˩ mui̯n˨˩ : pa˨˩ mai̯n˨˩ : pa˨˩ moi̯n˨˩ / pàmùyhn
*eAʔuB → i̯oi̯B1 / i̯ui̯˦˥ : i̯ai̯˦˥ : i̯oi̯˩˨ / iǔy
*eAuB → i̯oi̯B2 / i̯ui̯˨˩ : i̯ai̯˨˩˨ : i̯oi̯ʔ˥˧ / iûy
*ⁿbeAʔuB → bi̯oi̯B1 / bi̯ui̯˦˥ : bi̯ai̯˦˥ : bi̯oi̯˩˨ / biǔy
*ⁿbeAuB → bi̯oi̯B2 / bi̯ui̯˨˩ : bi̯ai̯˨˩˨ : bi̯oi̯ʔ˥˧ / biûy
*priBdoD → pai̯B1tuD2 / pa˦˥ tu˨˩ : pai̯˨ tu˨˩˨ : poˀi̯˩˨ tu˥˧ / pǎytȕ
*xiC → ʃai̯C1 / ʃa˧˨˧ : ʃai̯˧˥ : xoi̯˦˥ / syáy
