If I say "When I got home, the window was broken," it's a bit unclear if I mean that the window was in a broken state because it had been broken before (i.e. it was in pieces, it had been broken), or if only entered that broken state at that time or immediately after (i.e. it got broken, someone broke it). It might seem like a small difference, but it's exactly the same as the difference between "When I got home, my cat was dead," and "When I got home, my cat died," or "When I got home, my ficus was lying on the floor" and "When I got home, my ficus fell over." There's usually a way to resolve the ambiguity very easily, but often the shortest and most convenient translation of things is ambiguous like "be broken". I found this made explaining Swahili grammar to anglophone learners very difficult because the difference between states and actions is usually indicated by the perfect aspect for states:
In the following groups, the first one is active. The second one is passive. The third one is mediopassive/middle voice (erroneously called "stative" by a lot of resources).
Present tense:
Ninavunja dirisha. = I break/I am breaking the window.
Dirisha linavunjwa (nami). = The window is broken/gets broken/is being broken/is getting broken (by me).
Dirisha linavunjika. = The window breaks./The window is breakable.
Present perfect:
Nimevunja dirisha. = I have broken the window.
Dirisha limevunjwa (nami). = The window has been broken/has gotten broken (by me).
Dirisha limevunjika. = The window has broken/is broken.
Past simple:
Nilivunja dirisha. = I broke the window.
Dirisha lilivunjwa (nami). = The window was broken/got broken by me.
Dirisha lilivunjika. = The window broke.
Past perfect:
Nilikuwa nimevunja dirisha. = I had broken the window.
Dirisha lilikuwa limevunjwa (nami). = The window had been broken by me.
Dirisha lilikuwa limevunjika. = The window was broken. / The window had broken.
Swahili doesn't have many adjectives and doesn't have a lot of stative verbs and usually use dynamic verbs indicating changes of state in the perfect to indicate states.
Ninasimama. = I stand up. / I stop (come to a standstill). / I am standing up (rising to my feet). / I am stopping.
Ninalala. = I fall asleep. / I am falling asleep.
Anakufa. = S/he dies/is dying
Nimesimama. = I have stood up. / I am standing (up). (state) / I have stopped.
Nimelala. = I have fallen asleep. / I am sleeping.
Amekufa. = S/he has died / is dead.
Nilisimama. = I stood up. / I stopped.
Nililala. = I fell asleep.
Alikufa. = S/he died.
Nilikuwa nimesimama. = I had stood up. I was standing up.
Nilikuwa nimelala. = I had fallen asleep. / I was sleeping.
Alikuwa amekufa. = S/he had died. / S/he was dead.
So what creates the stative meaning of the mediopassive forms above is either just that they're used in the perfect (e.g. limevunjika = it is broken), which makes ALL verbs essentially about the resultant state, or that specifically the mediopassive, in the present, can have kind of a potential meaning, just as similar sentences do in English when we add an adverb: linavunjika = "it breaks" or "it is breakable" ... c.f. "it breaks easily", which describes a state, c.f. "it cooks well", "it drives well").
Back when Duolingo was a cool website and had forums, before it all went to shit, I used to try to help people understand the difference between things like lilivunjwa "it was broken" (past, passive, dynamic) and lilikuwa limevunjika "it was broken" (present perfect, mediopassive, stative) and it was really difficult. Explaining it in German would have been so much easier, even though German basically lacks aspect, the distinction between an action and its resultant state is usually clear. Lilivunjwa = Es wurde gebrochen/kaputtgeschlagen. Lilikuwa limevunjika = Es war gebrochen/kaputt(geschlagen worden).
In Tobarese, a root may be inherently stative. Entrance into that state is then derived with the inceptive infix <iy>:
búk = be full, be (in a) filled (state)
biyúk = begin to be full, become full, be filled (dynamically)
bán = be a house/building (in a state of having been built)
biyán = be/get built, become a building
... or it may be inherently dynamic. The resultant state is then derived with the perfect/retrospective infix <uw> (always unstressed, contrasting with the causative/antipassive <úw>).
tém = be eaten (dynamically), "get eaten"
tuwém = be (in an) eaten (state)
(C.f. túwem = eat (antipassive))
džág = be repaired (dynamically), "get repaired"
džuwág = be (in a) repaired (state)
(C.f. džúwag = repair/fix (antipassive))
yóg = die
yuwóg = be dead
(C.f. yúwog = kill (antipassive))
"Stand", "sit" and "lie" are also really ambiguous in this way and the addition of "up" and "down" don't help much. "Are you standing up?" could mean "Are you currently rising to your feet?" (unlikely because it's generally a quick action though) or "Are you currently on your feet?"
dáŋ = stand (up), be in a standing position
diyáŋ = stand up, assume a standing position, get up
This ambiguity with sit/stand/lie also made explaining Swahili difficult.
It's a force that comes from within ... and it's name is probably ADD.