Twin Aster

[Man in Space]

A suffix -v/-u marks the future tense. In most cases it surfaces as -v.

byə́gv khrə́k vəgv

byə́

3F.SUP

-gv

VOL

khrə́

3SG.INAN

-k

ACC

vəg

establish

-v

FUT

'she will establish it'

tjhaphrə́ tjhvə́ġravug

tjhaphrə́

3M

tjhvə́ġra

despair

-v

FUT

-ug

M

'they (m.) shall despair'

The verbal augment -r- is also an infix but surfaces slightly differently than does the past-tense marker -r-. Verbal augment -r- will surface as -ər- between a consonant and u or i.

dig, rdig 'to chant'
díg, də́rig 'to dig'

Some words

Saqhthə́sgək vá srákhtjhyən, gvə́r baqrə́nyək pharv.

saqhthá

dream

-ə

NMLZ

-sgə

PL

-k

ACC

vá

NEG

s-

IRR

rákhtjh(i)

mental.expenditure

-ən

DIR

gvə́r

for

baqrə́ni

live

-ə

NMLZ

-k

ACC

phar

forget

-v

FUT

'waste not your thoughts upon dreams, for you will forget to live'

Nu dngə́ur bhərigrá, rav prəguthnáu thrághu rav prəphrágitwəsq turaqh, ġú khrívġa.

nu

INDEF

dngə́ur

drought

bhigrá

occur

<r>

PST

rav

and

prə-

1PL

guthnáu

crops

thághu

wither

<r>

PST

rav

and

prə-

1PL

phrágitwəs

livestock

-q

PL

twaqh

die

<r>

PST

ġú

3F.INF

khívġa

say

<r>

PST

'A drought happened, and our crops dried and our cattle died, they said.'

Stuff:

More: show

*kənya > *kənyá

díg 'to dig' > dəríg
*idig > rdig
*d<r>igu > dəríg

saqhthá-ə-sgə-k vá s-rákhtjh(i)-ən, gvə́r baqrə́ni-ə-k phar-v
dream-NMLZ-PL-ACC NEG IRR-mental.expend-DIR for live-NMLZ-ACC forget-FUT
'waste not your thoughts upon dreams, for you will forget to live'

*kabaki > gbak ~ gbrak 'grave'
*dhəngəwiru > dngə́ur 'famine, drought'

twaqh

khiwaġa > khívġa

phraigitu > phrágitw-əsi-qi > phrágitwəsq
thághwi
guthnáu
bhigrá > bhərigrá

rákhtjhyə sqhthá
rákhtjhi-ə
mental.expend-NMLZ

*baqrəni > baqrə́n(i)-ə́-k
*saqhthá-ə́-sgə > saqhthisgək

*baghnadi[/b] > bhghnád
*phwasra > phusra
*ghəygadhunə > ghəigádhunə
djhrəwəna > djhrvəna
qahisrisu > qásris
mutjra > mutjrá
bhəngə > bngə́
dwəyru > dvə́ir

[Man in Space]

Proto-Vyə only had atomic numerals up to four:

1. *kwəryə > kúryə
2. *bhətji > bhə́tj
3. *qanrau > qnráu
4. *dhisri > dhsri

The second sentence in the previous post, I'm told, comes from a document called Information structure in the languages of the Caucasus. This also comes from that document:

Dhməngí svábhug qnráu dgvə́q rágisrəqi rav svábhug kúryə dgvə́ ġrágraqi.

dhməngí

house

svábh

A

-vg

M

qnráu

three

dgvə́

man

-q

PL

ágisrə

build

<r>

PST

-qi

PASS

rav

and

svábh

A

-vg

M

kúryə

one

dgvə́

man

ġrágra

buy.PST

-qi

PASS

'the house was built by three men and bought by one man'

Note that the preposition svábh agrees in gender with the masculine referent.

Scratch space:

More: show

agisərə ágisrəqi
-qiyu

agisərqi

ġagra > ġsrá, ġrágra

[Man in Space]

On Adjectives

Most adjectives (numbers excepted) agree with their referent in terms of suffixes (so grammatical number and case marking).

úrəqs khsatk

úrəq

yellow

-s

ACC

khsadh

temple

-k

ACC

'yellow temple (ACC)'

úrəqurk khsadhurk

úrəq

yellow

-ur

PL

-k

ACC

khsadh

temple

-ur

PL

-k

ACC

'yellow temples (ACC)'

phútjəsgə mkhrísgə

phútjə

black

-sgə

PL

mkhrí

cave

-sgə

PL

'dark caves'

Color Terms

*wə́rəqu > úrəq 'white, yellow'
*bhghani > bhghán 'red, orange, brown'
*gyatjhwa > gítjhwa 'green, blue'
*phwətjə > phútjə 'black, dark'

Numbers Higher than Four

5. vdhísri < *vi dhisiri
6. bhə́tjvi < *bhə́tji vi (dhisiri)
7. qnrávi < analogy
8. dhsiridhisri < *dhisiri-dhisiri 'four-four'
9. kúryə vi dhsiridhisri
10. bhə́tj vi dhsiridhisri
11. qnráu vi dhsiridhisri
12. bhsətjvi 'great six'
13. kúryə vi bhsətjvi
14. bhə́tj vi bhsətjvi
15. qnráu vi bhsətjvi
16. dhsidhridhisri 'great eight'

32 was ġúpha 'sack, bag, pouch'; 64 was ġsupha 'a big bag'. 128 was íraġə 'box'; 216 was qhrtjhva 'storehouse'.

[Man in Space]

The first new Caber logograms in like a year and a half.

[Raphael]

Neat!

[masako]

I already told you this on other platforms, but these are really great and I demand more of them immediately.

[Kuchigakatai]

You have some great taste in conscripts for sure.

[Man in Space]

I would like to request the assistance of the board at large.

This is a geographic map of Íröd:



This is a climate map:



I'm trying to figure out plausible migrational patterns for the adasar once they started expanding from their origin. Currently, their Urheimat is in the valley system in the center of the Burning Mountains:



The immediate question is, is a crossing of the mountains northerly a reasonable operation, or would it be more likely to go all the way to the lower elevation section near the west coast and then hug the north coast once they reached it?

More generally speaking: What are some things I should keep in mind when trying to figure plausible emigration waves? What are the characteristics of likely routes?

[bradrn]

Is it just me, or do those rivers look curiously… rectangular? (For lack of a better word.)

As for your specific problem, I’m not sure — though do note that IE speakers never quite crossed the Caucasus.

[Man in Space]

Is it just me, or do those rivers look curiously… rectangular? (For lack of a better word.)

If I’m picking up what you’re putting down, that is sort of an artifact of how the map was created—I ran worldengine, which doesn’t have the greatest output resolution IIRC. Eventually, if I can get the cartography software I bought installed, I’d like to make a bigger, smoother map.

[WeepingElf]

Is it just me, or do those rivers look curiously… rectangular? (For lack of a better word.)

And why do the climate zones ignore the mountain ranges?

[bradrn]

Is it just me, or do those rivers look curiously… rectangular? (For lack of a better word.)

And why do the climate zones ignore the mountain ranges?

I’m terrible at climate, but I suspect the mountains being oriented east–west might be a large factor. (It looks like the Alps don’t show up much on a large-scale European climate map, either.)

[WeepingElf]

Is it just me, or do those rivers look curiously… rectangular? (For lack of a better word.)

And why do the climate zones ignore the mountain ranges?

I’m terrible at climate, but I suspect the mountains being oriented east–west might be a large factor. (It looks like the Alps don’t show up much on a large-scale European climate map, either.)

The Alps do show up, but they are not very large. On Man in Space's map, I see some huge mountain ranges which should have an effect. But perhaps those mountains are not very tall (for an Earthly example of a long but not very tall mountain range, see the Ural mountains).

[Man in Space]

Well crap. I guess the climate function in worldengine isn’t very good. Can anyone help me to figure out a reasonable climate map? I am afraid the Climate Cookbook is a little confusing to me.

[Ares Land]

Well crap. I guess the climate function in worldengine isn’t very good. Can anyone help me to figure out a reasonable climate map? I am afraid the Climate Cookbook is a little confusing to me.

I'm not very good at this. Honestly, what I do is compare my maps to maps of comparable areas of Earth, in terms of latitude, coasts and mountain range.
Earth latitudes are useful in determining climate zones (mediterranean climate is about 30° to 45°; deserts from 15° to 30°, and so on.)
West coasts are milder in climate at higher latitudes. (Compare the Pacific Northwest to the US East Coast, or Europe to the Russian Far East). East coasts are more humid at lower latitude (deserts on west coasts, hurricanes/monsoon areas to the East.)
Finally, there's the rain shadow effect: areas west and north of mountain ranges (or west and south in the Southern hemisphere) should be very dry. (think the Gobi desert or the Eurasian steppe).

The immediate question is, is a crossing of the mountains northerly a reasonable operation, or would it be more likely to go all the way to the lower elevation section near the west coast and then hug the north coast once they reached it?

More generally speaking: What are some things I should keep in mind when trying to figure plausible emigration waves? What are the characteristics of likely routes?

I don't know; I don't think there are any real world rules either I don't think we understand population expansion that well. Things to keep in mind would be the time period and technology available, I suppose.
Otherwise both routes seem reasonable.

Mountain ranges are good place for linguistic diversity (the Caucasus, the Basque country) but I don't think there's much of an obstacle.

[Man in Space]

I've made a tentative new climate map.

[bradrn]

What do the colours mean?

[Man in Space]

What do the colours mean?

Apologies; they're from here.

[Man in Space]

So what we got here is a basic political map. Red is the Tim Ar, green the Tlar Kyanà, and purple the Confederacy of the Violet Sun:

[Man in Space]

Tinkering with the imperial layout somewhat.